SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 in English Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 in English Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement | Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement Class 10 Question Answer | Class 10 Social Science Question Answer in English Chapter 1 As Per New Syllabus to each Chapter is provided in the list of SCERT, NCERT, SEBA Class 10 Social History Part 1 Chapter 1 Question Answer in English/Class 10 Social Chapter 1 Question Answer in English Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement.

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement in English। Social Science Guide for Class 10th Chapter 1 in English | Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social In this post we have tried to explain to you that Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 1 in English. If you are a teacher or Student of English Medium, then this is for you. Notes for Class 10 Social Science In English Medium can be very beneficial। Ncert/Scert Social Class 10 Chapter 1 Please read this carefully. By studying this SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 1 carefully, you can get good marks in your upcoming examination.

Chapter 1 Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement

Part: I History

TEXTUAL EXERCISE & ANSWERS

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

1. When was the institution named National Education Council (Jatiya Shiksha Parishad) Established in Bengal?

Ans: The institution named National Education Council established in Bengal was 11 March 1906.

2. Who was the main introducer of the industry named Bengal Chemicals?

Ans: Acharya Prafulla Ray was the main introducer of the industry named Bengal chemicals.

3. In which Viceroy’s time did the partition of Bengal take place?

Ans: The partition of Bengal took place in vViceroy Lord Curzon’s time.

4. On which date in 1905 did the partition of Bengal come into force?

Ans: The partition of Bengal took place  on 16th October, 1905.

5. Under whose presidency did the conference of Indian National Congress accept the proposal of Swaraj for Indians?

Ans: Under Dada Bhai Naoraji’s presidentship the conference of Indian National congress accept the proposal of Swaraj for Indians.

6. When did the unification of Bengal take place? 

Ans: In the year 1911, the unification of Bengal took place.

7. In which meeting was the proposal of giving up foreign commodi-ties accepted? 

Ans: The proposal of giving up of foreign commodities was accepted in the 2nd protest meeting held at Dinazpur on 20th July 1905.

8. Who was the editor of the journal Jugantar’ published in the time of Swadeshi movement?

Ans: The editor of the journal “Jugantar published in the time of Swadeshi movement was Bhupendra Nath Dutta.

Short Answer type questions:

1. Discuss the contributions of Swadeshi movement towards national education.

Ans: The Swadeshi movement was not confined to boycott of British goods only. It also had a big influence on the prevalent educational system of Bengal. It was noticed that the movement were becoming popular among the students and the chief secretary of Bengal R.W Carlyle circulated a notice (10th October, 1905) warning all the students not to take part in the movement. 

The student community made strong protest against this circular and they observed a walk out of the classroom. Under the presidentship of Rabindra Nath Tagore, a vast student rally was organized at Pataldanga Mallikbari (4th Nov. 1905) and on that rally, an ‘Anti Circular Society’ was formed to disobey the order of the government.

The prominent leaders like Bipin Ch. Paul, Rabindranath Tagore, Abdul Rasul etc. called upon the student community to leave government institution. At the same time Satishchandrs Mukherjee, the editor of ‘the Dawn’ named the University of Calcutta as the house of slaves (Golam-Khan) and he called upon the students community to leave that house of slaves and to accept national education.

Satish Ch. Mukherjee, started a national institution named ‘Dawn Society’, with full co-operation from Rabindra Nath Tagore and Charu Das Banerjee and engaged in the work of spreading patriotic feeling among the students. This society did against the Curzon’s University law (1904) and Charlie’s circular (1905) and started movement for uprising the national education. On 5th August, 1905, Rabindranath Tagore gave a valuable lecture on importance of national education in a public meeting at Calcutta. Next day he established the Banga Jatiya Vidyalay where many people were present.

On 8th November, 1905, the second Jatiya Vidyalay was established in Rangpur. The number of student leaving government schools increased and consequently many national schools were established at many places of Bengal. 

Under the leadership of Rasbihari Bose the National Education Council (Jatiya Shiksha Parishad) was formed on 11th March 1906 at town hall Calcutta. Bengal National College was established on 15th August 1906. Arabinda Ghose was the first principal and in the same year on 12th December, Bengal National College was promoted to National University. 

During the Swadeshi movement, all together 62 secondary schools and 3000 national primary schools were established. Bengal Technical Institute was established with the financial help from reputed barrister Taraknath Palit (a close friend of Ananda Ram Boruah, the first ICS of Assam). Later on, this institution was changed into Jadavpur University, Bihar Vidyapeeth, Patna, Samarh Vidyalaya, Maharashtra and Gujrat Vidyalay. Gujrat were established in the style of National University. 

2. How did the national industries develop during Swadeshi movement? Explain in short. 

Ans: On the background of Swadeshi movement, the mentality for self development grew in Bengal and it brought a positive and congenial atmosphere for the establishment of national industries.

As the demand of locally made goods grew higher, several big industries and various small scale industries came into being. Spinning machine, small and medium scale handloom industries, industries for producing mustard oil, soap, sugar, match box etc. and many biscuit factories were established. Along with this, national bank and national insurance companies came into existence. 

The Swadeshi Bhandar, established by Rabindranath Tagore became a reputed textile firm. At the time of Swadeshi movement Yogesh Ch. Choudhury and Krishna Bihari Sen jointly established. ‘Indians stores’ at Bou bazaar, Calcutta. All kinds of India made products were sold in this establishment. 

Another woman from Tagor’s family named Sarala Devi started ‘Lakshi Bhandar’ at Cornwallis street (Now Bidhan Sarani). The ‘United Bengal Store’ was established by Abdul Halim Gajnabi at Lal Bazar.

Some extra ordinary people like Jagadish Ch. Bose, Prafulla Ch. Roy, Nilratan Sarkar etc. planned to establish some heavy industries at Bengal to grow an atmosphere of self development and self reliance.

At the initiative of Nilratan Sarkar, ‘Banga Lakshmi Cotton Mill’ was established on 1st August, 1906 and Acharya Prafulla Ray started ‘Bengal Chemicals’ on 25th July, 1906. Jamshedji Tata established iron factory in 1907. As a consequence of boycotting foreign goods and productions of local industries, the number of imported goods came to be very low in India.

Due to the political movement in Bengal, the foundation of modern industries was laid in various provinces of India. The first Indian industrial summit was held on 17th December, 1905 under the chairmanship of R.C. Dutta at Varanasi and this summit awakened the Indians about the prospect of indigenous industries in India. Even revival of many national industries were possible after this summit.

3. What were the anti-movement measures taken by the British to dominate Swadeshi movement?

Ans: The British took away the Muslim from the course of the Swadeshi movement through the vile tricks of religious communalism. Lord Curzon repeatedly answered the Muslims that in the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam they would get a homeland of their own. Therefore they should not join the anti-partition movement.

Secondly the Lord Minto, went a step further by helping them in formation of their political organization, the All India Muslim League in 1906. 

Thirdly, the British transformed the Muslims into a separate and loyal political force through the introduction of separate electorate for the Muslim in the India Act of 1909. 

Fourthly, Raising the slogan of Bande Mataram was made illegal in Ben- gal. They issued punitive regulation forcing the student away from participating in the political movement. Even many student were subjected to physical torture and punishment. 

Holding of public meeting were declared illegal. Hundreds of cases were registered in court against the political activities across Bengal. 

Press in Bengal was prescribed and newspapers like Jugantar, Vande Mataram and Sandhya were declared illegal. The front ranking leaders of the movement like Krishna Kumar Mitra and Aswini Kumar Dutta and several others were deported from Bengal in the month of December 1908. 

The British government put to death of Khudiram Bose by hanging in 1908 for his alleged attempt at killing a British official. Because of the Swadeshi movement the government annulled the partition plan of Bengal on 2 December 1911 in the Durbar held at Delhi and with it came to an end of the Swadeshi movement.

4. Mention three main geographical regions of Bengal which were annexed to the province West Bengal and Assam created after the parti- tion of Bengal.

Ans: The three main geographical regions of Bengal which were annexed to the province West Bengal and Assam created after the partition of Bengal are:

(i) Rajshahi.

(ii) Dhaka.

(iii) Chattagram. 

5. Write briefly about what were the intentions of the partition of Bengal.

Ans: The main intentions of the partition of Bengal was to divided the Unity of Bengal Province.

6. Why was the anti partition of Bengal movement named as Swadeshi movement? Discuss briefly. 

Ans: The British government planned the partition of Bengal against the wishes of the people of Bengal. The leaders like Surendra Nath Benarjee, Bipin Chandra Paul, Arabinda Ghose, Rabindranath Tagore, Rasbihari Bose, Ramendra Sundar Trivedi etc. understood the conspiracy of the British government and they were able to create awareness among the people against conspiracy. They launched anti-partition propaganda among the people through various meetings and writings realising that the partition of Bengal would be a threat to the heritage of Bengalis and Hindu-Muslim unity as well To create strong public opinion against the partition of Bengal, at first they started signature collecting campaign. The protest paper signed by 70,000 Indian was submitted to the Secretary of State for India. The British government remained strong and tried to justify Andrew Fraser’s plan of partition of Bengal. But the people of Bengal broke out with anguish.

When it became clear that the government was adamant to implement this partition, the anti-government feeling rose gradually among the people of Bengal. Since the public opinion was disrespected, the whole Bengal broke out into national movement against this partition Hindu-Muslim unity. was put under threat and Bengali nationalism was wounded.

Already there was dissatisfaction among the Indians as Lord Curzon interfered the rights of Indian on education, newspaper and local self government. His process of partition was also reactionary. Hence there was a huge public protest and dissatisfaction against this partition. 

From the partition proposal was raised on 6th December, 1903, till it was officially declared on 19th July, many places of East, West and North Bengal witnessed thousands of public protest and huge public uproars. Irrespective of caste, creed and religion people plunged into this movement. This movement because famous as Swadeshi movement because it was publicly recommended that the Indians would unitedly boycott foreign goods and would start using home-made goods made by the Indians.

7. Mention three results of Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The three results of Swadeshi movement are:

(a) The tide of patriotism that emerged from the Swadeshi movement had contributed a lot to the national literature. On the influence of Swadeshi movement, many magazines, newspapers, books, dramas, songs and articles were published.

(b) In the background of Swadeshi movement, the mentality for self development grew in Bengal and it brought a positive and congenial atmosphere for the establishment of national industries. As the demand of locally made goods grew higher, several big industries and various small scale industries came into being spinning machine, small and medium scale handloom industries, industries for producing mustard oil, soap, sugar, match box etc. and many biscuit factories were established.

(c) The Muslim League emerged as an active political organization opponent to Indian National Congress to be able to represent the Indian Muslims. They could easily with the political rights by taking the opportunity of loyalty to the British.

8. Mention three contribution of Swadeshi movement. 

Ans: The three contribution of Swadeshi movement are:

(i) The Swadeshi movement also gave birth to armed movement. The tendency to resort to violent method occured in some section of activists.

(ii) The Swadeshi movement was able to give the Indians a political knowledge regarding mass movement. Indian people learnt that if the majority of the people come forward for a common cause, then a mass movement would certainly become successful.

(iii) The Indians got the privilege to demand for swaraj through the Swadeshi movement. The sense of nationalism stirred by Swadeshi movement compelled the Indian National Congress for the first time to take the proposal for demanding Swaraj in its Calcutta session in 1906 under the presidentship of Dada Bhai Naoraji.

9. Write short notes on:

(a) Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore.

Ans: Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore: Rabindranath Tagore was born in Kolkata in a rich and educated family. He was thought sanskrit Indian philosophy and Astronomy first by his father Devendranath Tagore. He received higher education from Bengal Academy but he left the Academy before the completion of his course because of its dull and rigid nature of education. He was sent to England in 1877 to study law. He used to write articles for Bengali megazine since very early age. He became famous because of his stories, novels and poems. He became famous as a philosopher and a painter too and people began to address his a Gurudev in reverence. He translated his Gitanjali into English also which brought him Nobel Prize and world wide recognitions. He was endowed with Knighthood in 1915 by the British Govt. He established famous Bishya Bharati on 1921.

(b) Margaret Elizabeth Nobel (Bhagini Nivedita).

Ans: Margaret Elizabeth Noble (Bhagini Nivedita): Bhagini Nivedita was a lady born in Ireland. She was in Calcutta during the partitions of Bengal. She was a source of inspiration of Swadeshi movement. She had contributed a lot in creating national awareness among the youths. Her real name was Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1864-1911) During her stay in Calcutta she was actively associated with youngman’s Hindu Union, Vivekananda society, Dawan society and encouraged the youths the women folk to be indepen- dent by involvement in indigenous industries. She was the most obstinate and most dangerous antagonist of the English.

(c) Nawab Salimullah.

Ans: Nawab Salimullah: Nawab Salimullah was the name of a leader who led the creation of Muslim league. During the time of Lord Curzan an attempt was made by British Govt to divide Hindu and Muslim by encouraging common feeling and to support the Partition of Bengal. On 30th December, 1906 some educated Muslim leaders attended a meeting at Dhaka. This meet- ing was organised by Nawab Salimullah and was presided by Nawab Bikor- Ul-Mulook. In this historic session a political organisation named All India Muslim league was established by Nawab Sallimulah. He tried to increase the scene of loyalty of the Muslim people to British.

(d) Ambikagiri Rai Choudhury.

Ans: Ambikagiri Rai Choudhury: Ambikagiri Rai Choudhury was a prominent leader of India’s National movement. He was a freedom fighter. He encouraged the Assamese people about the root cause of Bengal partition. He was known as ‘Asamkesheri’. He wrote the famous revolutionary drama named ‘Bandini Bharat’, He also developed a revolt club named as ‘Sewa- Sangha’. He loved to acting in drama when he was a student of cotton collegiate school. Once he was arrested by police during the time of drama session. Truly speaking, he has contributed a lot in Indian Independence.

Multiple Choice Qustions:

Choose the correct answer:

1. Partition of Bengal occurred in the year-

(a) 1906.

(b) 1905.

(c) 1909.

(d) 1908.

Ans: (b) 1905.

2. During whose tenure was the ‘partition plan of Bengal’ executed?

(a) Lord Curzon.

(b) Lord William Bentinck. 

(c) Lord Dalhousie. 

(d) Lord Mount batten. 

Ans: (a) Lord Curzon.  

3. Which British administrator helped in the formation of Muslim League in 1906?

(a) Lord Curzon. 

(b) Lord Ripon.  

(c) Lord Minto.  

(d) Lord Cornwallis. 

Ans: (b) Lord Ripon. 

4. The British Government annulled the partition of plan of Bengal by holding a Darbar at Delhi.

(a) 20 July, 1905.

(b)2 December, 1911. 

(c) 13 December, 1908. 

(d) 15 August, 1906. 

Ans: (a) 20 July, 1905. 

Very Short Questions and Answers: 

1. What was the population of Assam when created on 7th February 1874?

Ans: 54,100 s mile.

2. Name the post that was created for the state of Assam British? 

Ans: Chief Commissioner.

3 Who was the first chief commissioner of Assam?

Ans: The first chief commissioner of Assam was Colonel R.H. Keatings.

4. Name the two British officers helped Lord Curzon in the process of Bengal Partition. 

Ans: In the process of Bengal partition the two British officers helped Lord Curzon. 

They are:

(i) Andrew Fraser, (ii) J Bamfylde Fuller.

5. Who was Andrew Fraser?

Ans: Andrew Fraser was the chief commissioner of Madhya Pradesh.

6. Who was J. Bamfylde Fuller?

Ans: J. Bamfylde Fuller was the chief commissioner of Assam.

7. Who put the proposal of the partition of Bengal before the government of England?

Ans: Viceroy Lord Northbrook put the proposal of the partition of Bengal before the government of England.

8. When was the treaty of yandabu signed? 

Ans: The treaty of yandabu was signed on 24th February 1826.

9. Who proposed to annex chattagram to Assam with a view to expand the tea business?

Ans: J. Bamfylde Fuller proposed to annex Chattagram to Assam with a view to expand the tea business.

10. Who was appointed Lt. Governor of Bengal in 1903?

Ans: Andrew Fraser was appointed Lt Governor of Bengal in 1903.

11. Who directed Andrew Fraser to make a plan for redemarcation of the boundary of the Bengal province? 

Ans: Viceroy Lord Curzon directed Andrew Fraser to make a plan for redemarcation of the boundary of the Bengal Province.

12. When did Lord Curzon prepare a detail proposal of the partition of Bengal?

Ans: On the 1st June, 1903 Vicerory Lord Curzon prepared a detailed proposal of the partition of Bengal.

13. Who was William E. Ward?

Ans: William E. Ward was the chief commissioner of Assam (1894-96 AD).

14. Who was Herbert Risely?

Ans: Herbert Risely was the secretary of state Government of India.

15. Who composed the song Vande Mataram?

Ans: The song ‘Vande Mataram’ was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his famous novel ‘Anandamath’.

16. Who was ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’?

Ans: ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’ were the Lalalajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal.

17. Who was Lord Minto?

Ans: Lord Minto was the Viceroy of Indian after Lord Curzon and his declaration on 13th April, 1906.

18. Who created a new province by adjoining East Bengal and Assam?

Ans: Lord Nathaniel Curzon.

19. When was the Sepoy Mutiny was started?

Ans: In 1857 AD.

20. When did the British Government Introduce Regulating Act? 

Ans: In 1773. the British Government introduce Regulating Act.

21. What were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William by Regulating Act of 1773?

Ans: The Governor of Bombay and Madras were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William by Regulating Act.

22. To what position, did the British Government upgrade the post of the Governor of Bengal Presidency?

Ans: The British Government upgrade the post of the Governor of Bengal Presidency to the level of Governor General.

23. When was the allahabad Treaty Signed?

Ans: The Allahabad Treaty was signed in 1765 AD.

24. Who were the signatories of the Allahabad Treaty? 

Ans: The signatories of the Allahabad Treaty were the Mughal emperor Shah Alam and Robert Clive.

25. When did the British take steps to reform the Indian administration?

Ans: After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, the British took steps to reform the Indian administration.

26. What was the significance of the data of 7th February, 1874?

Ans: The State of Assam’ was created on 7th February, 1874. 

27. How many districts of the Brahmaputra Valley were included in he state of Assam created on 7th February 1874 by the British.

Ans: Six (6) districts.

28. What was the area of Assam when created on 7th February, 1874?

Ans: 54,100 s mile.

29. What was the capital of the proposed ‘Bengal Province’?

Ans: Calcutta was the capital of the proposed ‘Bengal Province’.

30. What was the population of the proposed ‘Bengal province”?

Ans: The population of the proposed ‘Bengal province was 5.4 crores. Among this Hindus were 4.2 crores and Muslims were 90 thousands.

31. Who was John Brodric?

Ans: John Brodric was the Secretary of state for India.

32. When did Lord Curzon send the proposed of partition of Bengal to India Secretary General in London for necessary approvals?

Ans: On the 2nd February, 1905 Lord curzon send the proposal of parti- tion of Bengal to Indian Secretary general in London for necessary approval.

33. Who approved Lord Curzon’s Proposed of Partition of Bengal and informed the government of India by telegram message?

Ans: John Brodric approved the proposal of Lord Curzon of partition of Bengal and informed the government of India by telegram message.

34. When did British Government publish Lord Curzon’s proposal of partition of Bengal?

Ans: On the 1st September, 1905 was declared officially that the partition. of Bengal would be implemented on 16th December.

35. Who was the editor of the Journal ‘Sanjibani’?

Ans: Krishna kumar Mitra was the editor of the journal ‘Sanjibani’.

36. In which year the journal ‘Sanjabani’ published? 

Ans . The journal ‘Sanjibani’ was published in the year 6th July, 1904.

37. Name the article published in the Journal Sanjibani created great sensation among the people.

Ans: Bangar Sarbanash was the article published in the Journal Sanjabani created great sensation among the people.

38. Where was the held first protest meeting against the proposed partition of Bengal?

Ans: The first protest meeting against the proposed partition of Bengal was held at Khulna (Begerbari) on 14th July, 1905.

39. In the year 16th and 19th July 1905, where was the same protest meeting held?

Ans: On 16th and 17th July, 1905 the same protest meeting was held at Kishorganj and Pabna.

40. In which year the 2nd protest meeting held at Dinazpur.

Ans: The 2nd protest meeting was held at Dinazpur on 20th July, 1905. 

41. In which year under the leadership of the student from Ripon College, a vast student rally was organised against this partition?

Ans: On 31st July, 1905.

42. In which year, a huge public meeting was held at town hall of Kasimbazar, Calcutta under the presidentship of Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandi.

Ans: On 9th August, 1905.

43. Under whom leadership a student union was formed? 

Ans: A Student Union’ was formed under the leadership of Surendranath Banerjee.

44. Who says the people for maintaining the social harmony?

Ans: Through his inspiring speech Rabindranath Tagore called the people for maintaining social harmony.

45. In which year a big protest rally was at Rajabazar, North Calcutta. 

Ans: On 23rd September, 1905.

46. When did the people of Bengal observed ‘National mourning day’? 

Ans: The people of Bengal observed ‘National Mourning day’ on 16th October, 1905. 

47. At whose proposal did every household in Bengal avoid cooking on 16th October, 1905?

Ans: As per the proposed of Ramendra Sundar Trivedi, every household in the Bengal province avoided cooking on 16th October 1905.

48. Who laid the foundation stone of Federal ‘Hall’ as symbol of unit and heritage of Bengal? 

Ans: Ananda Mohan Bose laid the foundation stone of ‘Federal Hall’ as a symbol of unity and heritage of Bengal.

49. Who was Ananda Mohan Bose?

Ans: Ananda Mohan Bose was the president of Indian National Congress of Madras sessión 1898.

50. “Boycotting means patriotism and the essence of patriotism is the non co-operation with the British in all respects.” Who said this?

Ans: Arabinda Ghose said this.

51. Who edited ‘Bengali’ in 1904?

Ans: Surendranath Banerjee edited the ‘Bengali’ in 1904.

52. Who edited the ‘Sanjibani’ in 1906?

Ans: Krishna Kumar Mitra edited the ‘Sanjibani’ in 1906.

53. Who edited the ‘Hitabadi’ in 1905?

Ans: Kaliprasanna Kabya Bisharad and Yogendranath Vidyabhusan edited the ‘Hitabadi’ in 1905.

54. Who edited the ‘Yugantar’ in 1906?

Ans: Bhupendra Dutta edited the ‘Yugantar’ in 1906.

55. Who edited the ‘Sandhya’ in 1906?

Ans: Brahmabandhab Upadhya edited the ‘Sandhya’ in 1906.

56. Who edited the ‘The Dawn’ newspaper in 1906?

Ans: Satish Chandra Mukharjee edited the ‘The Dawn’ newspaper in 1906.

57. Who edited the female magazine ‘Su-Prabhat’ in 1906?

Ans: Kumudini Mishra edited the female magazine ‘Su-Prabhat’ in 1906.

58. Who edited the ‘Vande Mataram’ in 1905?

Ans: Arabinda Ghose edited the ‘Vande Mataram’ in 1905.

59. Who written the play ‘Palashir Prayachitta’? 

Ans: Khirod Prasad written the play ‘Palashir Prayachitta.’

60. Who written the play ‘Sirajuddoula’ and ‘Mir Kasim”?

Ans: Girish Ghose.

61. Who written the play ‘Sabbas Bengali’?

Ans: Amrit Lal Bose.

62. Which newspaper published about the courage of women in Bengal? 

Ans: The ‘Daily Telegraph’ of Londan published the Courage of women in Bengal.

63. In which day every family of Bengal province went on fast?

Ans: On the day when Prafulle Chaki was executed.

64. Where did ‘Anti Circular Society form’?

Ans: At a vast student rally organised at Patal danga, Malikbari, Anti Circular Society was formed.

65. Who wrote the “Bengar Angashed” play?

Ans: Amarendranath Dutta.

66. Who edited the female magazine ‘Sre-prabhat’ in 1906?

Ans: Kumudini Mitra edited the female magazine ‘Sri-Parbhat’ in 1906.

67. In the year 16th and 9th july 1905, where was the same protest meeting held?

Ans: Kishorganj and pabna.

68. Who written the ‘Bangar Angashed’ play?

Ans: Amarendranath Dutta.

69. Who wrote the Book Japani Bir”?

Ans: Swarna Kumari Devi.

70. Who wrote the Book ‘Joy Sangeet”?

Ans: Pramathnath Ray Choudhury. 

71. Who wrote the the Book ‘.

Ans: Kartik Ch. Dasgupta.

72. Who wrote the Book ‘Bangalakhmir Bratakatha”?

Ans: Ramendra Sundar Trivedi.

73. How many patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement?

Ans: Twenty three (23) numbers of patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement.

74. Name the song which won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh.

Ans: The song ‘Amar sonar Bangla Ami Tomake Bhal Basi’ won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh (1972).

75 What did Swadeshi Movement take place in India?

Ans: In 7th August, 1905.

76. Who written the ‘Bangar Angashed’ play?

Ans: Amarendranath Dutta.

77. Who wrote the Book Japani Bir”?

Ans: Swarna Kumari Devi.

78. Who wrote the Book ‘Joy Sangeet”?

Ans: Pramathnath Ray Choudhury. 

79. Who wrote the the Book ‘.

Ans: Kartik Ch. Dasgupta.

80. Who wrote the Book ‘Bangalakhmir Bratakatha”?

Ans: Ramendra Sundar Trivedi.

81. How many patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement?

Ans: Twenty three (23) numbers of patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement.

82. Name the song which won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh.

Ans: The song ‘Amar sonar Bangla Ami Tomake Bhal Basi’ won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh (1972).

83. What did Swadeshi Movement take place in India?

Ans: In 7th August, 1905.

Short Questions and Answers:

1. What were requested by the Muslim delegation under the leader- ship of Agha khan to the British Vicerory at Shimla?

Ans: (a) Separate Muslim Community and (b) Separate electorate system for them. 

2. Mention the districts of Brahmaputra Valley were included in the state of Assam created on 7th February 1874 by the British.

Ans: Goalpara, Kamrup, Nagaon, Darrang, Lakhimpur and Sivasagar.

3. From whose tenure, was the British Colonialism established all over India?

Ans: The British colonialism was established all over India starting from 2nd tenure of Robert Clive to the rule of Lord Dalhousie.

4. Name the three administrative centre of East India company.

Ans: Calcutta, Mumbai and Madras are the three main administrative centres of East India company.

5. What happened in Orissa in 1866 AD? How many people lost their lives in Famine hit Orissa in 1866 A.D.?

Ans: Famine broke out in Orissa in 1866 A.D.

Around 10,000 people lost their lives in famine that hit Orissa in 1866 A.D.

6. Which AD and who gave proposed to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal.

Ans: In 1901 AD Andrew Fraser gave proposal to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal.

7. When did Andrew Fraser submit his plan for redemarcation of the boundary of the Bengal Province to Lord Curzon.

Ans: In 28th March, 1903 Andrew Fraser submitted his plan for redemarcation of boundary of the Bengal province to Lord Curzon. 

8. Name the chief commissioner who in his second tenure put proposal to annex chattagram two district of Dhaka and Maimonsing to Assam.

Ans: William E Ward was the commissioner who in his second tenure (1894-96) put proposals to annex chattagram, two districts of Dhaka and Maimonsing to Assam.

9. How much area was covered by the territories of Dhaka, Chattagram and Rajshahi? 

Ans: The and area was covered by the territories of Dhaka, Chattagram Rajshahi about 1,06,540 s mile. 

10. What was the population of the terriotories of Dhaka, Chattagram and Rajshahi’?

Ans: The population of the territories are:

31 million, out of which 18 millions were Muslims and 13 millions were Hindus.

11. What was the capital and population of the proposed “Eastern Bengal and Assam”? 

Ans: Dhaka was the capital and population of the proposed “Eastern Bengal and Assam” about 3 crore 10 lacs. Among this Muslim population was 1.8 crores and Hindus were 1.2 crores.

12. Name some leaders of the Swadeshi movement in Bengal?

Ans: (i) Surendra Nath Benarjee (1848-1925) 

(ii) Bipin Chandra Paul (1858-1932)

(iii) Arabinda Ghose (1872-1950)

(iv) Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) 

(v) Rasbihari Bose (1845-1921)

(vi) Ramendra Sundar Trivedi (1864-1919) etc. 

13. Name the college whose student for the first time staged a walkout from their classroom and took part in the movement against the parti- tion of Bengal.

Ans: The student of Ripan College for the first time staged a walkout from their classrooms and took part in the movement (18 July, 1905) against the partition of Bengal.

14. What was the patriotic song that the student recited by calling for boycotting foreign goods?

Ans: The patriotic song of Mukunda Das “Hey Banga Janani, Swarna Prasabini…. Sikesi Sabai Karitay Vabana, Bilati Pusakay Ara Sajiba na, Bilati Ahar, Bilati Asar Tajita Kariba……” was the song that the student recited by calling for boycotting foreign goods.

15. What was the Tagore’s Rakhi song?

Ans: At the call of Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengali people of Calcutta observed Rakhibandhan on 16th October, 1905. People sang Tagore’s Rakhi song “Bangalir Pran, Bangalir Mon, Ek houk he Bhagaban.” To strength the unity and fraternity among Hindu and Muslims, they tied Rakhi at the hands of the pedestrians:

16. What were brought under the control of the government of Fort William by the regulating Act in 1973? 

Ans: The Governor of Bombay and Madras were bought under the control of the Governor of Fort William by the Regulating Act in 1773.

17. What proposals put forwarded by the European tea planters? 

Ans: The European Tea planters with a view to expand tea business through sea routes also proposed to expand the boundary of Assam up to Chattagram.

18. What was the hidden agenda behind the partition of Bengal? 

Ans: The hidden agenda behind the partition of Bengal was to break the unity between the Hindu and Muslim farmers and labourers which was a treat for the British.

19. What was ‘Risley papers’?

Ans: On 1st June, 1903 Viceroy Lord Curzon prepared a detail proposal of the partition of Bengal, by discussing with Hebert Risley, the secretary of state, Govt of India. This proposal was officially accepted by the British government and it was recognised as the Minute on Territorial Re-distribution in India. Since this proposal was officially declared by Hebert Risley, the secretary state on 6th December, 1903 it was known as “Risley papers”. 

20. Which process was called the “Partition of Bengal”? Or, What was “Partition of Bengal”?

Ans: The process of bifurcation of Bengal and to annex one part of it into Assam is historically known as the historical “partition of Bengal.”

21. What was the real motive of Lord Curzon?

Ans: The real motive of Lord Curzon was to strengthen the British empire in India by weakning the political conscious Hindu-Bengalis which will resist the growth of Indian nationalism.

22. Name the prominent leaders who were present at a big protest rally held at Rajabazar, North Calcutta. 

Ans: The prominent leaders who were present at a big protest rally held at Rajabazar, North Calcutta were Halim Gajnabi, Liakat Husain. Md. Ismile Choudhury.

23. Name the newspapers and magazines published during the Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The names of the newspapers and magazines published during the Swadeshi movement are:

(i) The ‘Bengal’ (1904).

(ii) The ‘Hitabandi’ (1905).

(iii) The Yugantar’ (1906).

(iv) The ‘Sandhya’ (1906).

(v) The ‘Dawn’ (1906).

24. How did the Indian Muslim League establish?

Ans: All India Muslim league was established on 30th December, 1906 when some educated Muslim leaders attended meeting at Dhaka palace which was organized by Nawabs Salimullah and was presided by Nawab Biker-Ul- Mulook. 

25. Name the main proponents of terrorist movement of Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The main proponents of terrorist movement were:

(i) Bipin Chandra Pal; (ii) Bal Gangadhar Tilak; (iii) Lala Lajpar Rai; (iv) Arabinda Ghose; (v) Barin Ghose.

26. What were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William by Regulating Act of 1773?

Ans: The Governor of Bombay and Madras were brought under the control the Governor of Fort William by Regulating Act of 1773.

27. Name the two British officers helped Lord Curzon in the process of Bengal partition.

Ans: In the process of Bengal partition the two British officers helped Lord Curzon. They are Andrew Fraser and J Bamfylde.

28. In which year, a huge public meeting was held at town hall of Kasimbazar, Calcutta under the presidentship of Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandi.

Ans: On 7th August, 1905.

29. Who edited the ‘Hitabadi’ in 1905?

Ans: Kali prasanna Kabya Bislarad and yogendra nath Vidyabhusan edited the ‘Hitabadi’ in 1905.

Long Questions and Answers:

1. Briefly mention the causes and consequences of the Bengal partition during British rule. 

Ans: The main cause of the partition of Bengal was in vastness. The anti-partition agitation grew because of the Partition plan of Bengal prepared by Lord Curzon. The vast Bengal province could not ruled smothey under a Lt Governor and according the plan was taken to create a province named ‘Eastern Bengal and Assam’. Lord Curzon proposed to make the territory of Bengal smaller and the territory of Assam bigger for a smooth administration. Since Bengal was considered to be the centre of Indian nationalism, through the partition of Bengal it was planned to divide the province and to make the Hindu Bengalis and intellectuals a minority in both the states.

Due to the impact of the anti-Partition movement the government annulled the Partition Plan in December. 1911 and Bengal and Assam again regained their earlier political status. But as a result of this movement the government transferred the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi. The third important result of the anti-Partition agitation was the division of the Indian nationalist movement. Almost in the early stage of the movement there emerged the All India Muslim League in 1906 under direct help and patronage of the British.

2. Write briefly about the emergence of Muslim League during Swadeshi Movement in India.

Ans: The British government never wanted and united India. To keep their imperialism intact, they tried to divide the Indians with respect to religion, language, caste and region. The partition of Bengal was also a big weapon to create communal feelings among IndiAns:

To build a strong public opinion in favour of the partition of Bengal, Lord Curzon took a programme of long trip in February, 1904. In the places like Dhaka, Maimonsing, Chattagram etc. he campaigned in favour of the parti- tion of Bengal, saying that it would benefit the Muslim people a lot.

On 18th Feb, 1904, he organized a big rally in Dhaka and called the Islamic people for standing unitedly against the Hindus. With the help of Nawab Sallimullah Khan, he tried to approach the Muslim of Bengal. For this pur- pose he lent Rs. 14 Lacs to Nawab with minimum interest. He also promised to give special facility to the Islam land Lords. Many Muslim leaders wel- comed this partition of Bengal.

The leaders who had belief in Lord Curzon, though that this proposal of two states would be able to fulfil the aspirations of the Muslim community. They had also their vested interest and strong temptation for self establishment. In this way the British created a destructive political mentality in the Muslims. 

Lord Minto became the Victory of India after Lord Curzon and his declaration on 13th April, 1906 indicated some special political gains to the Muslim citizens. He made an official declaration of Rules of Administrative Reform.

Discussing with William Archbold, the principal of Aligarh College, they prepared a petition. They demanded a separate electorate for the Muslims in the proposed reform. On 1st October, 1906 under the leadership of Aga Khan a representative group consisting of 35 members submitted the petition to Lord Minto at Simla. The Viceroy assured them that the demands would be considered.

On 30th December, 1906 some educated Muslim leaders attended a meet- ing at Dhaka palace. This meeting was organized by Nawab Salimullah and was presided by Nawab Bikor-Ul-Mulook. In this historic session a political organization named All India Muslim League was established. Nawab Salimullah, who led the creation of Muslim League declared the aims and objectives of this newly formed political organization on that day itself.

These were:

(a) To increase the sense of Loyalty of the Muslim people to British.

(b) To keep aware the British government regarding the political rights and interests of the Muslim people.

(c) To create the sense of unity among the Muslim people by removing feelings of being frightened, disgusted and terrorised.

Viceroy Lord Minto and Secretary of State for India Lord Morley expressed their satisfaction with the activities of the Muslim League.

The Muslim League emerged as an active political organization opponent to Indian National Congress to be able to represent the Indian Muslims. They could easily with the political rights by taking the opportunity of loy- alty to the British. This league soon became a big force to weaken the Indian National Congress. In March 1910 the head office of Muslim League was transferred to Luknow.

The Muslim League could not influence every section of the society. It was confined to some high class conservative people and when the proposal for partition Bengal was repealed in 1911, the importance of Muslim League declined.

3. What is meant by “Partition of Bengal”? How did it affect Assam?

Ans: The partition of Bengal is one of the most important chapter in the freedom struggle of India. This partition, which occurred during the region of Lord Curzon (1899-1905), is a historic event in the political history of India. 

On 20th July 1905 Lord Curzon, the Vicerory of India, announced the creation of a new province under the name of Eastern Bengal and Assam by dividing Bengal into two parts and uniting one part with Assam. The total land most of the newly created province of Eastern Bengal and Assam stood at 1,06,540 square miles. The parts of Bengal which were included into the new province, were Eastern and Northern Bengal, the subdivision of chittagong. Dhaka and Rajshahi and Tripura and the Bhagalpur sub-division of the district of Malola. 

The partition plan of Bengal. of Lord Curzon created great reaction in Bengal. The Bengali nationalist political leaders like Surendranath Banerjee, Krishna Kumar Mitra, among others, became furious. In pursuane of the decision taken earlier the government put into execution the partition plan of Bengal on 16th October 1905. The process of bifurcation of Bengal and to annex one part of it into Assam in historically known as the historical ‘parti- tion of Bengal.”

4. Write short Notes:

(a) Regulating Act in 1773.

Ans: Regulating Act in 1773: The British government introduced Regulating Act in 1773 and upgraded the post of the Government of Bengal Presidency to the level of Governor General. By this introduction, the two Governors of Bombay and Madras were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William.

(b) Yandabu Treaty.

Ans: Yandabu Treaty: According to treaty of Yandabu on 24th February, 1826, the following regions went under the British empire in Indias-

(i) The valley of Brahmaputra in 1826; (ii) Cachar in 1832; (iii) Khasi Hills in 1833; (iv) Jaintia Hills in 1835; (v) Motok and Sadiya in 1839; (vi) Khamati in 1843, (vii) Singfoo in 1843; (viii) Angami Naga hills in 1854. All these regions were controlled by the Lt. Governor of Bengal up to 1874.

(c) Allahabad treaty in 1765 AD.

Ans: Allahabad treaty in 1765 AD: According to Allahabad treaty in 1765 AD between the Mughal emperor Shah Alam and Robert Clive, the East India company won political authority on Bihar and Orissa along with Bengal and these three regions were included in the province of Bengal.

(d) Lord Minto.

Ans: Lord Minto: British Viceroy Lord Curzon divided the Bengal into two parts on 20th July 1905. At that time the viceroy Lord Minto helped the Lord Curzon. So the administration of Lord Curzon in recognized as the period of sowing the seeds of muslim communal politics then the period of Lord Minto is the period of germination of Muslim communalism.

Lord Minto became the Viceroy of India after Lord Curzon and his decla- ration on 13th April, 1966 indicated some special political gains to the Muslim citizens. He made on official declaration of Rules of administrative reform.

Viceroy Lord Minto and secretary of state for India Lord Morley expressed their satisfaction with the activities of the Muslim league. Lord Minto also planned to bring the moderate groups of congress close to British govt.

(e) Colonel Dunlop Smith.

Ans: Colonel Dunlop SmithColonel Dunlop Smith was the Private Secretary to the Viceroy. The principal aims of colonel Dunlop Smith and Lord Minto were two, first to win over the Indian Muslims away from the Swadeshi movement, secondly to create a political organisation in opposition and paralled to the Indian National Congress which would remain loyal and subsequent to the British. 

Under the direct incitement and help of Colonel Dunlop Smith a Msulim Helegation under the leadership His Highness the Aga Khan of Bombay mett a secret meeting with the Viceroy at Simla on 1st October 1906.

5. Write the four points programs on partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon.

Ans: On 2nd February, 1905 Lord Curzon sent the proposal of partition of Bengal in Secretary of State for India in London for necessary approval. On 9th June. Secretary of State for India John Brodric approved the proposal and informed the government of India by telegram message. On 19th July, 1905, the British government of India published this proposal on 1st September, 1905, it was declared officially that the partitions of Bengal would be implemented on 16th October. The four points programme on partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon on 1st september was as follows-

The 1st point (phase) of the partition of Bengal: 

(a) The name of the new province will be ‘Eastern Bengal and Assam’, by annexation of Rajshahi, Dhaka and Chattagram of Assam. 

(b) The capital of new province will be Dhaka.

(c) The administration of Eastern Bengal of Assam will be handed over to a Lt. Governor.

(d) The capital of Assam will be transferred them Shillong to Dhaka.

2nd Point (Phase)

(a) There will be separate high court in Dhaka for Eastern Bengal and Assam.

(b) Until a separate high court is established ‘the new province will be under the jurisdiction of Calcutta high court.

3rd Point (Phase)

Calcutta will be the capital of New Bengal province which includes West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Chotanagpur.

4th Point (Phase)

The partition of Bengal will be implemented on 16th October, 1905.

6. How did the Swadeshi movement contribute towards national literature?

Ans: The tide of patriotism that emerged from the Swadeshi movement had contributed a lot to the national literature. On the influence of Swadeshi movement, many magazines, newspapers, books, dramas, songs and articles were published.

Some important magazine and news papers were.

(i) The “Bengali” edited by Surendranath Benerjee in 1904. 

(ii) The “Sanjibani” edited by Krishna kumar Mitra in 1906.

(iii) The “Hitabaadi” by Kaliprasanna Kabya Bisharad and Yogendranath Vidyabhusan in 1905. 

(iv) The “Yugantar” (weekly) by Bhupendra Dutta in 1906.

(v) The ‘Sandya’ by Brahmabandhab Upadhya in 1906.

(vi) ‘The Dawn’ by Satish Chandra Mukherjee in 1906.

(vii) The female magazine ‘Su-prabhat” by Kumudini Mishra in 1906.

(viii) ‘Vande Mataram’ by Arabinda Ghose in 1905.

All the magazine and newspapers are created a strong national sentiment among the people and excelled the movement.

Some important plays written on the background of Swadeshi movement were:

(i) Palashir Prayachitta by Khirod Prasad.

(ii) ‘Sirajuddoula’ and ‘Mir Kasim’ by Girish Ghose.

(iii) ‘Sabbas Bangali’ by Amrit Lal Bose.

(iv) ‘Bangar Angashed’ by Amarendranath Dutta etc.

At the same time some famous books written on the background of Swadeshi movement were:

(i) Japan Bir by Swarna Kumari Devi.

(ii) Joy Sangeet’ by Pramathnath Roy Choudhury.

(iii) ‘Nabya Bharat’ by Kartik Ch. Dasgupta.

(iv) ‘Bangalakhmir Bratakath’ by Ramendra Sundar Trivedi. 

Twenty three numbers of patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement will remain a treasure of Indian Culture. The song ‘Amar sonar Bangla Ami Tomake Bhal Basi’ won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh’. The song, ‘jadi tor daak sune keu na ase, tabe ekla cholo re…. ‘received everlasting popularty. During the movement period, the songs of Rajanikanta Sen, Makunda Das, Dwizendralal Roy etc. inspired the Bangalis. The article ‘Bhai Bhai Ek Thai’ written by Rabindranath Tagore on the background of Swadeshi movement was a famous article.

A national institution named ‘Bangaia Kala Sangsad’ was established under the leadership of Abanindranath Thakur during the Swadeshi move- ment. This institution aimed at creating foundation of Indian Fine Arts, free from western influence. Through his famous painting ‘Banga Mata Abanindranath Thakur tried to established Indian Fine arts at par with the western paintings. Sister Nibedita transformed ‘Banga Mata’ into ‘Bharat Mata’.

7. Discuss the contribution of women in the Swadeshi movement.

Ans: Keeping equal pace with the man, the middle class urban women also took active part in the swadeshi movement by crossing all the social barriers. This participations of the women folk against the partition of Bengal led the Indian freedom struggle to a well organized level.

Among the prominent female leaders of swadeshi movement, Sarala Devi Choudhurini was to be reckoned to lead the Swadeshi movement in a revolutionary way. Like the Sivaji festival of Maharashtra, she started organizing various festivals like ‘Birastami Brat’ Pratapaditya Utshab, Udayaditya Utsav, Byayam Samitee etc. and trained the boys and girls on wrestling, stick play etc. games. She edited a magazine named ‘Bharati’ and prepared the youth force of Bengal to plunge into national movement.

Another prominent woman who contributed a lot in creating national awareness among the youths and the women was Sister Nibedita. This Ireland born strong lady had her real name as Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1864-1911). During her stay in Calcutta she was actively associated with Youngman’s Hindu Union, Vivekananda Society. Dawn Society and Anusilan Sammittee and encouraged the youths and the women folk to be independent by involvement in indigenous industries. 

The bravery of the Bengal women stunned the British Rulers. Regarding the courage of Bengal women, the Daily Telegraph, London on 11th October 1907 wrote- ‘The Bengal women are the most obstinate and most dangerous antagonist of the English’.

8. Write Briefly about the role of National Congress in Swadeshi movement.

Ans: Surendranath Banerjee, Bipin Ch. Paul, Arabinda Ghose, Aswini Kumar Dutta and many other intellectual leaders through the National Congress were able to unite people against partition of Bengal.

During 1885-1905, National Congress mainly concentrated on social and economic development. But after the partition of Bengal it could establish itself as a big organisation in the context of greater Indian nationalism. 

The 19th annual session held in 1903 at Madrass, under the presidentship of Lalmohan Ghosh, Indian National Congress warned the govt to give up the plan of partition of Bengal.

Before the implementation of partition of Bengal Lala Lajpat Ray and Gopal Kirshna Gokhley reached London on 6th July, 1905 to give a representation on behalf of National Congress to give up the plan of partition of Bengal by the British government. They submitted a protest petition signed by the people of Bengal to the Secretary of State for India against the imple- mentation of partition. Since the Indian National Congress, had to take strong stand against the partition.

After six year of Swadeshi Movement, the result of Bengal partition, the British government was compelled to go for unification of Bengal in 1911. This big incident brought about an opportunity to the people of India to be united for freedom and self government (Swaraj), the Indian National Congress being the central force of it.

9. What were the anti-movement measures taken by the British dominate Swadeshi movement?

Ans: The British Government expected support from moderate group leaders of Congress on the issue of partition of Bengal.

In order to keep these leaders loyal, Lord Curzon offered them various titles, posts, medals etc. The moderate Congress members were offered the post of judges in high court, member of British parliament, member in Viceroy’s Council etc. for obtaining support towards partition.

In spite of all these policies, Curzon failed to control the anti-partition movement. The firm stand of Congress leaders like Surendranath Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhle etc. against the partition of Bengal, set the govern- ment in to trap. Bipin Ch. Paul urged every leader to give up and return titles, posts and honours offered by the British government. The first response to this was Gopal Krishna Gokhle was returned the ‘Knight hood’ title to the British immediately.

10. Mention Some contributions of Swadeshi movement.

Ans: Some Contributions of Swadeshi movement are discuss below:

(a) The Swadeshi movement was able to give the Indians a political knowledge regarding mass movement. Indian people learnt that if the major- ity of the people come forward for a common cause, then a mass movement would certainly become successful.

(b) The Indian National Congress from its inception believed in peaceful demand to the British govt. for the development of India, The partition of Bengal brought a change in this outlook of the Congress. The Swadeshi movement made them realize that the progress of India is possible only through mass struggle.

(c) Reigning over the post of Viceroy Lord Carzon declared, “administration and exploitation will go hand in hand”. This arrogance of the empirical ruler was retaliated through the determination of Indians to boycott foreign goods, the use of local goods and the starting of local industries. Therefore, the Swadeshi movement will always be remembered in the history of economic industrial development of India. 

(d) The Indians got the privilege to demand for Swaraj through the Swadeshi movement. The sense of nationalism stirred by Swadeshi movement compelled the Indian National Congress for the first time to take the proposal for demanding Swaraj in its Calcutta session in 1906 under the presidentship of Dada Bhai Naoraji.

(e) The Swadeshi movement also attracted the women of India to the mass movement. Two incidents played great role in this regard. Every family in the Bengal province went on fast on the day when Prafulla Chaki was executed. Every kitchen was closed down and all mothers passed the day by mourning. The second incident was the police torture on Bhupendra Nath Dutta, the editor of ‘Yugantar’, for his sharp criticism on the partition of Bengal. His mother Bhabaneswari Devi called the women for a mass movement instead of weeping for the Incident. Thousands of Woman came out to join the movement.

(f) The Swadeshi movement also gave birth to armed movement. The tendency to resort to violent method occurred in some section of activists.

11. Mention five results of Swadeshi movement.

Ans: The five results of Swadeshi movement are:

(i) On the influence of Swadeshi movement many magazines, newspa- pers, books, dramas, songs and articles were published.

(ii) The Swedish movement was not continued to boycotts of British goods only. It also had a big influence on the prevalent educational system of Bengal.

(iii) The participation of the women folk against the partition of Bengal led the Indian freedom struggle to a well organized level.

(iv) On the background of Swadeshi movement the mentality for self development grew in Bengal and it brought a positive and congenial atmosphere for the established of national industries. 

(v) The Muslim League emerged as a active political organization opponent to Indian National Congress to be able to represent the Indian Muslims.

12. What were the main programmes of the Swadeshi Movement? Discuss briefly about each of the programmes?

Ans: The main programmes of the Swadeshi Movement were: 

(i) Swadeshi: The first plank of the Swadeshi movement was Swadeshi. Through swadeshi they tried to make Indian or indigeneous popular with the people. Swadeshi again speaks about self-dependence and self-help. The militant nationalists viewed Swadeshi as a weapon for economic, political and spiritual movement against the British. The overall meaning of this sort of movement was to become self-dependent in all spheres of human life.

(ii) Boycott: Boycott of foreign/British industrial goods formed the second plank of the swadeshi movement. Indian would boycott British industrial goods like cloths, sugar and salt. Secondly they would renounce English language. Thirdly, they would renounce all the titles and honour conferred on them by the British and would resign honorary posts and the membership of the Council. Forthly, they would socially boycott Indians in the event of using goods produced in England. The intent behind this programme was to inflict economic loss on England through acts of economic blockade.

(iii) National education: The third plank of the swadeshi movement was national education. The people would renounce English education introduced and imparted by the British in India and instead would accept national education. While propagating this programme emphasis was given to Indian learning, language and literature and culture, so that the people cou i feel proud about their ancient past. To glorify the past was thus the main purpose of the national education as well as of the swadeshi movement.

Thus the programmes of the swadeshi movement were staging picketing before the shops and stalls dealing with British goods on the one hand and to popularize indigenous goods on the other. The use of indigenous goods, boycott of foreign goods and picketing before the shops and stalls dealing with such goods and the spread of national education were the main agenda of the movement.

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