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Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography Nature & Scope
Class 12 Geography Unit 1 Human Geography Nature & Scope Question Answer | Guide for Class 12th Geography Chapter 1 English Medium Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT, AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 1.
Unit 1 Human Geography Nature & Scope
(PART – A)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTION & ANSWERS
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
1. Which one of the following is the most important factor in the interaction between people and environment?
(a) Human intelligence
(b) People’s perception
(c) Technology
(d) Human brotherhood
Ans: (b) People’s perception.
2. Which one of the following is not a source of geographical information?
(a) Traveler’s accounts
(b) Old maps
(c) Samples of rock materials from moon
(d) Ancient epics
Ans: (c) Samples of rock materials from moon.
3. Which part of river is called the Mouth?
(a) Area from where river originates
(b) The point where a river bifurcates
(c) The point where a river confluences with a lake, sea or ocean
(d) The point where another river joins
Ans: (c) The point where a river confluences with a lake, sea or ocean.
4. “Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth is surface” Who was of the following put forwarded the above definition to define Human Geography?
(a) Ratzel
(b) Ellen C. Semple
(c) Vidal de la Blache
(d) Griffith Taylor
Ans: (a) Ratzel.
B. VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER:
5. How much population has the world recorded at the beginning of the 21″ century?
Ans: 6.1 billion.
6. Give one definition of human geography.
Ans: Human Geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface.
7. What are the two major components of the earth?
Ans: The three main components of the Earth are the atmosphere, its gaseous envelope, the hydrosphere, the surface coating of water, and of course, the solid earth.
8. Name two sub field of human geography.
Ans: Interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism.
9. What do you mean by environmental Determinism?
Ans: Environmental determinism, also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism, is the belief that the physical environment predisposes human social development towards particular trajectories.
10. What is Humanized Nature?
Ans: Humans controlled by nature is call humanized nature.
11. What does Colonial period mean?
Ans: Period during which foreign ruler rules the state, is termed as colonial period.
C. SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER:
(Answer the following questions in about 100 words)
12. How is Human, geography related to other Social sciences?
Ans: Human Geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with other sister disciplinës in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth.
Thus human Geography is related to other social sciences in the following ways:
(a) Sociology
(b) Psychology
(c) Welfare Economics
(d) Anthropology
(e) History
(f) Epidemiology
(g) Political Science
(h) Economics
(i) Demography
(j) Urban/RuralPlanning
(k) Resource Economics
(l) Tourism and Travel Management.
13. What does Human Geography study?
Ans: Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other. It studies the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth. Through human geography, we come to know about the process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological riches.
14. How is Nature humanized?
Ans: The Nature humanized are:
(i) With the passage of time, the people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature and started bringing change to it.
(ii) With cultural and social development humans develop better and more efficiently over necessity to a state of freedom.
(iii) They started creating possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment and their activities have created the cultural landscape, the imprints of which are found everywhere on this earth.
15. What are the issues of Geography as a discipline?
Ans: The issues of Geography as a discipline are:
(i) Geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/ theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic),
(ii) Whether its subject matter should be organised?
(iii) Whether the approach of the study should be regional or systematic?
(iv) Whether geographical phenomenon be interpreted theoretically or through historic institutional approach?
16. How is Human Geography related to other Social Science?
Ans: Human Geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with other sister disciplinës in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth.
Thus human Geography is related to other social sciences in the following ways:
(a) Sociology
(b) Psychology
(c) Welfare Economics
(d) Anthropology
(e) History
(f) Epidemiology
(g) Political Science
(h) Economics
(i) Demography
(j) Urban/RuralPlanning
(k) Resource Economics
(l) Tourism and Travel Management.
17. What do you, understand by Humanistic School of Thought?
Ans: Welfare or humanistic school of thought in human geography was mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well-being of the people.
18. What are the characteristics of the welfare approach of Human Geography?
Ans: The welfare geography approach deals with the issues related to inequality and injustice. The approach grew up as a reaction to the quantitative and model-building traditions of the 1960s.
In the 1970s there was a major redirection of human geography towards social problems, viz., poverty, hunger, crime, racial discrimination, access to health, education, etc. The issues such as the distribution of the fruits of economic development received attention mainly as a result of dramatic socio-political changes in Eastern Europe and South Africa.
Therefore, the basic emphasis of welfare geography is on who gets what, where and how. The ‘who’ suggests a population of an area under review (a city, region or nation). The ‘what’ refers to various facilities and handicaps enjoyed and endured by the population in the form of services, commodities, social relationships, etc. The ‘where’ refers to the differing living standards in different areas? And ‘how’ reflects the process by which the observed differences arise.
D. LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS:
(Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words)
19. Explain naturalization of humans.
Ans: In the early stages of humans the interaction with their natural environment human were greatly influenced by nature. They adopted to the dictates of nature. This is so because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive. This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism.
At that stage of very low technological development, humans was listened to Nature, was afraid of its fury and worshipped Nature. In other words there is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources or in all respect which sustain them. The physical environment for such societies becomes the “Mother Nature.”
20. Write a note on the scope of human geography.
Ans: The scope of human geography is very wide. The famous human geographer Prof.
Ellsworth Huntington divided the scope of human geography into two:
(i) Physical condition or Natural Environment.
(ii) Human Responses or Cultural Environment.
Human Geography is very much concerned with the physical conditions because it affects human activity to a great extent. According to him physical condition includes a country or a location of a region, its climate, its landforms, its water bodies and soils, minerals etc. In all the physical conditions that help to determine the development of human life. Climate plays a predominant part for it is the chief factor in the formation of the physical environment and it control the vegetal and animal associations on the surface of the earth.
On the basis of the nature or mode of nature of the physical environment, the human responses or the cultural environment or the man-made features on the earth such as population, human establishments agriculture, features associated with production and transportation etc. are very from region to region, which are the main concern of human geography.
21. Describe how human geography passed through the corridors of time.
Ans: The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings. it has its roots deep in history. Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline
22. Describe the fields and sub fields of human geography.
Ans: Human geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with other sister disciplines in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth. With the expansion of knowledge, new sub-fields emerge and it has also happened to human geography. The fields and subfields of human geography along with their sister disciplines of social sciences are given in the following table.
Human Geography and Sister Disciplines of Social Science
| Fields of Human Geography | Sub-fields | Interface with sister Disciplines of social science |
| Social Geography | — | Social Sciences Sociology |
| Behavioural Geography | Psychology | |
| Geography of social well-being | Welfare economics | |
| Geography of leisure | Sociology | |
| Cultural geography | Anthropology | |
| Gender Geography | Sociology. Anthropology. Women’s Studies | |
| Historical Geography | History | |
| Medical Geography | Epidemiology | |
| Urban Geography | — | Urban studies and planning |
| Political Geography | — | Political science |
| Electoral Geography | Psephology | |
| Military Geography | Military Science | |
| Population Geography | — | Demography |
| Settlement geography | — | Urban/Rural Planning |
| EconomicGeography | — | Economics |
| Geography of Resources | Resources Economics | |
| Geography of Agriculture | Agriculture economics | |
| Geography of Industries | Industrial economics | |
| Geography of Marketing | Business Studies, Economics, Commerce | |
| Geography of Tourism | Tourism and Travel Management | |
| Geography of International Trade | International Trade |
23. Describe the approaches and broad features of Human Geography.
Ans:
| Period | Approaches | Broad Features |
| Colonial period | Exploration and description | Imperial and trade interests prompted the discovery and exploration of new areas. An encyclopaedic description of the area formed an important aspect of the geographer’s account. |
| Colonial period | Regional analysis | Elaborate description of all aspects of a region were undertaken. The idea was that all the regions were part of a whole, le (the earth); so, understanding the parts in totality would lead to an understanding of the whole. |
| 1930s through the Inter-War period | Areal differentiation | The focus was on identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it was different from others. |
| Late 1950s to the late 1960s | Spatial organisation | Marked by the use of computers and sophisticated statistical tools. Laws of physics were often applied to map and analyse human phenomena. This phase was called the quantitative revolution. The main objective was to Identify mappable patterns for different human activities. |
| 1970s | Emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioural schools | Discontentment with the quantitative revolution and its dehumanised manner of doing geography led to the emergence of three new schools of thought of human geography In the 1970s. Human geography was made more relevant to the socio-political reality by the emergence of these schools of thought. Consult the box below to know a little bit more about these schools of thought. |
| 1990s | Post-modernism in geography | The grand generalisations and the applicability of universal theories to explain the human conditions were questioned. The importance of understanding each local context in Its own right was emphasised. |
Notes of AHSEC Class 12 Geography Unit 1 | English Medium Class 12 Geography Notes In this post we will explain to you Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Question Answer | AHSEC Class 12 Geography Question Answer Unit 1 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
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