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B.A 1st Sem Political Science Minor Unit 4 Equality
B.A 1st Semester Political Science Unit 4 Equality Solution English Medium | Guide for B.A First Semester Political Science Minor Unit 4 Also Same NCERT Solutions for B.A 1st Sem Political Science In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT, B.A 1st Sem Political Science Chapter 4.
Unit 4 Equality
CONCEPT IN POLITICAL THEORY – I
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:
1. Where is written that men are born equal and always continue to be free and equal in respect of their rights?
Ans: Slogan of Glorious Revolution.
2. Who said that all men are crated equal?
Ans: U.S. Constitution.
3. What type of equality, which believes that all should be treated as equal partners in society?
Ans: Social equality.
4. Which theory, believes that all are equal in the eyes of nature?
Ans: Natural equality.
5. What is liberty and equality?
Ans: Liberty and equality are neither complementary nor contradictory.
6. Who said that political equality can never be real unless it is accompanied by virtual economic equality?
Ans: Laski.
7. Under which system each one is given the right to vote on equal basis?
Ans: Political equality.
8. Under which system the people are treated equal in the eyes of law?
Ans: Civil equality.
9. Who believed in the concept of negative equality?
Ans: Lord Action.
10. Who was associated with the concept of positive equality?
Ans: Laski.
11. Which the concept of sovereign equality is associated?
Ans: National equality.
12. Which one is not true about equality?
Ans: It means equal right to hold political office.
13. Which one is not covered under political equality?
Ans: Right to live in family.
14. Which of the following is covered under national equality?
Ans: Right to have equal status in international forums.
15. These days it is believed that political equality goes together with. Which equality?
Ans: Economic equality.
16. Today it is generally believed that what equality and liberty are?
Ans: Just tolerate each other.
17. Equal wages for equal work for both the sexes is covered under which equality?
Ans: Economic equality.
18. Caste system as it prevails in India is primarily opposed to the concept of which equality?
Ans: Social equality.
19. Abolition of bonded labour is based on the philosophy and concept of-
Ans: Civil equality.
20. What means that equality in true and positive sense?
Ans: Everyone should get equal opportunity for development of personality.
21. Equality in the positive sense means that what all should get?
Ans: Equal opportunities for growth.
22. “The passion for equality made vain the hope for liberty”. Who?
Ans: J.S.Mill.
23. What means equality in the positive sense?
Ans: Equal opportunity to get higher education.
24. Who said “Political liberty in reality can only be real when there is social equality”?
Ans: Laski.
25. Who said, “Liberty and equality are not in conflict nor even separate, but are different facets of same ideal”?
Ans: Laski.
26. Which is true about social equality?
Ans: It means elimination of caste distinction.
27. When equality before law is possible?
Ans: In a society with democratic set up.
28. In which sense womanhood franchise means equality?
Ans: Political sense.
29. Which is true about economic equality. It means:
Ans: Minimum basic needs of all.
30. Who said that, “The Liberty and equality are opposed to each other misunderstand the meanings of these words?
Ans: Pollard.
31. Which one has been wrongly listed as constituting equality?
Ans: Provision of equal pay for all.
32. Which event was a protest against the prevailing inequalities?
Ans: The French Revolution of 1789.
33. On which the philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries emphasised?
Ans: Social and economic equality only.
34. On which quality in the twentieth century greater emphasis was laid?
Ans: Social and economic equality.
35. Civil or legal equality is a feature of which government?
Ans: All democratic governments.
36. Equality before law falls in the category of which equality?
Ans: Civil equality.
37. The grant of franchise to women on equal terms with men assertion of the principle of which equality?
Ans: Political Equality.
SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:
1. What do you mean by term ‘equality’?
Ans: In Simple words the term ‘equality’ means that all men are equal and all should be entitled to equal opportunities and treatment. It simply implies a leveling process in which chances are given to all for developments of their potential. If also means that special preference of all kinds should be abolished and no discrimination should be made on ground of birth, wealth, sex, caste, creed or colour.
2. What do you mean by “equal opportunities for all”?
Ans: The term “equal opportunities for all” means that every human being should get the opportunity to progress without any discrimination The citizens of India have been granted Six Fundamental rights, one of them is “The right to equality.” This right has five parts, the third part of this right deals with equality of opportunity. According to its right, every individual gets the equal opportunity to hold the public office or to gets the government service. Accordingly the state will treat every one equally without the consideration of religion, caste, sex or language.
3. What is the general opposition to the concept of equality?
Ans: The general opposition to the concept of equality is given below:
(a) It may lead to a lowering of incentives and adversely affect the efficiency in production.
(b) If may adversely affect the family autonomy because it will lead to increased competition in society.
(c) It may create problem of bureaucracy increasing the problems between masses and the state.
4.How many type of equality? Write briefly of these aspects?
Ans: There are two aspects of Equality as follows:
(i) Positive aspect: In the positive sense, equality means the provision of adequate opportunities for all. The concept of equality does not remove natural inequalities, but at least the rationality of the individual can be developed by providing adequate opportunities in life. According the Laski, equality is a process of socialization.” i.e. the social setup should be such that every individual may get equal opportunities of development and of fully unfolding his qualities.
(ii) Negative aspect: In the negative sense, equality means the absence of under privileges. There should be no artificial grounds of discrimination like religion, caste, colour, wealth and sex, so that talent may not suffer due to the lack of facilities. It means that one can hold any public office by his own ability.
Thus negative equality means removing the men made inequalities in society, and ending the privileges enjoyed by the special.
5. Write the basic requirements of political equality?
Ans: Following are the 3 basic requirement of political equality:
(a) Right to vote: It is essential for the establishment of democracy that all the citizens should have equal rights in the organization of government.
(b) Right to be elected: The organization of democracy is not possible only by the right to franchise. The right being elected also is as important as the right of voting. Everybody, who feels that his friends want him to be elected on representative has the right to be elected.
(c) Right to hold public office: Under political equality, the citizen have the right to get government offices without any discrimination. The qualifications fixed for any office are equal for all.
6. What is the general opposition to the concept of equality?
Ans: The general opposition to the concept of equally are as follows:
(a) It may lead to lowering of incentives and adversely affect the efficiency in production.
(b) It may adversely affect the family autonomy because it will lead to increased competition in society.
(c) It may create problem of bureaucracy increasing the gulf between masses and the state.
7. Write a short note on Social Equality.
Ans: It means that all are equally eligible to enjoy various opportunity in society. It also implies absence of other privileges. Social equality is a difficult idea to the political equality has no importance.
The basic requirements of political equality are the following:
(i) Right to vote: It is essential for the establishment of democracy that all the citizens should have equal rights in the organization of government.
(ii) Right to be elected: The organization of democracy is not possible only by the right to franchise. The right of being elected also is as important as the right of voting. Everybody, who feels that his friends want him to be elected as representative, has the right to be elected.
(iii) Right to hold Public Office: Under political equality, the citizens have the right to get government offices without any discrimination. The qualification fixed for any office are equal for all..
LONG TYPE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:
1. Write a short note on Proportionate equality.
Ans: Aristotle, the most succinct exponent of this view, links equality to the idea of distributive justice. In elaborating this view, he points out that inequality arises when equals are treated unequally and unequals are treated equally. This is because he believes individuals differ in their capacities, interests and achievements. The varied dimensions of human life-social, economic and cultural-differ in importance.
It is necessary to distinguish the deserving from the undeserving. He tries to counter the principle of equality by justifying inequalities in two ways. First, the desire for equality is more in the nature of a wish rather than being grounded in reality. Second, even if one accepts the demand of equality as a moral one it still fails to convince. This is because it contradicts ‘the spirit of morality with its presupposition of men’s different stations and functions, especially their obligations and duties of obedience on the one hand and their rights and positions of authority on the other’.
2. What do you mean by Equality before the Law or Legal Equality?
Ans: Equality before the law or legal equality means equality before the law and equal protection under the law. This notion is the lynchpin of the liberal critique against absolutism. It means that the rule of law or the sovereignty of law subordinates everyone, the ruler and ruled alike and it is a guarantee of equal freedom and equality to every citizen. There is never full equality in this respect, for children and lunatics are treated differently from adults with a sound mind. Women as a rule are also treated differently from men. In Britain, the peers are treated differently from ordinary citizens. Therefore, those who fight for equality before the law, try to ascertain which of these distinctions are relevant to legal rights and privilege, and which ones are not. A distinction is also made between de jure equality and de facto equality, both the wealthy and the poor have equal rights under the law but it is wrong to claim that they have equal power to enforce them.
The idea of equality before the law or isonomia was an established feature of Greek democracies. Isonomia overlapped with isopoliteia, meaning equal Citizenship; a citizen distinct and yet opposed to a slave. Greek democracies affirmed the notion of every man as equal to every other in his intrinsic dignity and worth and its modern variant could be found in the statement ‘all men have equal and inalienable rights, which was articulated during the French Revolution and is an affirmation of an important law meant equal rights equal laws, made explicitly clear by the 1795 French Constitution.
After the Napoleonic period and the Restoration, the liberal democratic demand for equality includes three specific demands, equal universal suffrage to every adult, social equality understood as equality of status implying that class and wealth distinctions do not carry much weight and equality of opportunity. These were specifically democratic rather than liberal demands, for liberalism is more concerned with political freedom than the problem of class and status.
3. What do you understand equality of opportunity. Explain briefly.
Ans: Equality of opportunity is most commonly associated with the liberal democratic tradition. It means, in principle, that access to important social institutions shall be open to all on universalistic grounds especially by achievement and talent. The notion of a career open to talent, an important consequence of the American and French Revolutions, sets aside ascribed status and favoured ‘acquired status, meaning regardless of birth and status, administrative and professional positions are open to persons with talent, willingness to do hard work and capacity.
Interestingly, the earliest exponent of this position Plato proposes a meritocracy in the form of philosophic rule, which will be realized through an educational system that allows equal chance for talented children to achieve unequal social positions. The debate on equality of opportunity helps in the development of modern educational institutions and meritocracy, for people are recruited and promoted on the basis of their intelligence and talent regardless of their family connections and wealth.
Notes of B.A First Semester Political Science Unit 4 | B.A 1st Sem Political Science Minor Notes In this post we will explain to you B.A 1st Sem Political Science Chapter 4 Question Answer | BA 1st Sem Political Science Question Answer Unit 4 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
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