Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12 Freedom Question Answer As Per New Syllabus to each Chapter is provided in the list of SCERT, NCERT, AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Unit 12 Question Answer/Class Political Science Unit 12 Question Answer are given so that you can easily search through the different Chapters and select the needs Notes of AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Lesson 12 Question Answer English Medium. covers all the exercise questions in NCERT, SCERT.
Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12 Freedom
Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12 Freedom Question Answer | Guide for Class 11th Political Science Unit 12 English Medium Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT, AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12.
Chapter 12 Freedom
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS:
1. Define freedom and explain its value for human Progress?
Ans: The term liberty is derived from the Latin Word ‘Liber’ Liber means freedom. Thus Liberty means freedom. Thus liberty means freedom from restraints. It implies completeness. freedom to do anything one desires to do. There must not be any limitations on individual actions. But it is the negative aspect of Freedom.
The advocates of the concept of positive freedom state that an individual should be free to act only to the extent that his or her activities do not curtail the freedom of others. The freedom of many requires restraints of law on the freedom of some. For human progress, his freedom is essential.
2. Discuss the positive concept of Liberty.
Ans: There are two forms of Liberty:
(i) Negative Liberty and
(ii) Positive Liberty
Positive concept of Liberty: According so prof. Laski “Liberty means the absence of restraint upon the existence of those social conditions which in modern citizens are the necessary guarantee of individual happiness”.
Liberty means the attainment of those opportunities available to all citizens in equal measures according to the law of the state so that all restrictions in the way of the developments of individuals are removed and the fundamental rights are protected.
It can be discussed briefly as follows:
(i) If liberty is to be given a real character, then adequate measures have to be given for the freedom of citizens.
(ii) There is no conflict between the interest of individuals and that of society.
3. Explain the negative concept of liberty.
Ans: According to J.S. Mill, “Liberty is protection against tyranny of political rulers.” According to prof Border, “Liberty is immunity from interference”
(i) The champions of negative liberty want to limit state interference. If law interferes with the life of an individual, his liberty is destroyed. For them, that government is the best which governs the least.
(ii) Liberty means absence of restrictions. Open competition is the best means of development. The protection policy of governments is not right.
There are certain drawback in it e.g.:
(a) It can only be possible in a hypothetical “State of nature” not in “civilized life”.
(b) Liberty is a relative term and it is not absolute.
(iii) In the real sense, the negative concept of liberty means absence of all restraints as it is neither practical, nor desirable.
4. What are different kinds of liberty?
Ans: Liberty means ‘true’/freedom.
The various kinds of liberty are as follows:
(i) Natural liberty.
(ii) Individual liberty.
(iii) Political liberty.
(iv) Economic liberty.
(v) Religions liberty and
(vi) Civil liberty.
5. What are the elements of liberty?
Ans: According to Herbert Spencer, “Liberty is the freedom for every man to do that which he wills, provided he infringes not the equal freedom of any other man.”
The important elements of Liberty are following:
(i) Liberty is not the absence of all restraints: only in an environment of peace and order, the individual can enjoy liberty. To maintain peace and order, reasonable restrictions are imposed on the actions of the individuals through laws and it helps in extending liberty to everybody.
(ii) Liberty is the maintenance of an atmosphere of developments of personality: Liberty is that atmosphere in which the individual can realize his best self. For full development of personality in individual freedom is essential.
(iii) Liberty means power to do Something Worth doing: Something which is good and desirable or which is not desirable in the society should be done.
(iv) Liberty is given to all alike: Liberty does not mean to give freedom to a particular person but is given to all alike on equal basis.
(v) Liberty exists only in a State: Liberty exists and can be enjoyed only in society and State. It has to be enjoyed within the framework of the law. There can be no liberty outside the state.
6. What do you mean by economic liberty?
Ans: Economic liberty: It includes those rights that are enjoyed by man concerning his livelihood. Economic liberty implies absence of unemployment exploitation, unfair wage, standard living insecurity etc. Thus when states ensure employment to all citizens and make them free from the tyranny of the employers, we say that the citizens enjoy economic liberty. Significance of economic liberty cannot be underestimated. Political liberty or civil liberty becomes meaningless in the absence of economic liberty.
7. Describe the main two types of liberty.
Ans: There are many kinds of liberty. The main two kinds of liberty are given below:
(i) Political liberty: Political liberty exists only in democracy. In this form of government, citizens have full freedom to participate in the government. They can elect their own representatives. They themselves have the right to be elected in the government services.
(ii) Economic liberty: Economic liberty: It includes those rights that are enjoyed by man concerning his livelihood. Economic liberty implies absence of unemployment exploitation, unfair wage, standard living insecurity etc. Thus when states ensure employment to all citizens and make them free from the tyranny of the employers, we say that the citizens enjoy economic liberty. Significance of economic liberty cannot be underestimated. Political liberty or civil liberty becomes meaningless in the absence of economic liberty.
8. Write short note:
(a) Religious liberty.
Ans: Religious liberty: According to this type of liberty every citizen of state gets the freedom of religion. The citizens have the right to adopt and preach any religion of then choice. The religion of the citizens is considered a personal matter and the states mostly do not interfere in religions affairs of the people until and unless it is necessary on the broader interest of the nation and the individuals.
(b) Personal liberty.
Ans: Personal liberty: Personal liberty means that the human being should have complete freedom in their personal and individual matters. For example food, clothing, marriage, religion, customs, traditions etc all are personal matters of the human beings. The state or the government should not interfere in these matters of the individual. A great scholar of political science John Stuart Mill was a prominent supporter of individual liberty. According to him- “A person should get the liberty upto that extent where no other individual has any harm.
(c) Legal liberty.
Ans: Legal liberty: In every country, citizens should have the right to own their administrative system according to circumstances prevailing there. In independent India our constitution making assembly prepared a draft giving the outlines of the new constitution. It was introduced in 1950. This freedom to prepare their own contribution is known as legal freedom.
(d) Natural liberty.
Ans: Natural liberty: The concept of natural liberty owes its origin to the famous philosopher Rousseau’s. In his ‘State of Nature’ men enjoyed natural liberty. Idea of natural liberty is based upon the thesis that liberty is natural to man. He is born with it. In modern times theory of natural liberty bears no significance. Liberty in modern times is considered as a product of civil society. Our liberty arises out of the membership of civilized society.
(e) Economic liberty.
Ans: Economic liberty: It includes those rights that are enjoyed by man concerning his livelihood. Economic liberty implies absence of unemployment exploitation, unfair wage, standard living insecurity etc. Thus when states ensure employment to all citizens and make them free from the tyranny of the employers, we say that the citizens enjoy economic liberty. Significance of economic liberty cannot be underestimated. Political liberty or civil liberty becomes meaningless in the absence of economic liberty.
(f) Moral liberty.
Ans: Moral liberty: Moral liberty implies personal autonomy for an individual is the master of itself. Individuals can attain it through a process of self sacrifice and self purification inherent in what the Ancient Indians called the satvik way of life. Moral liberty is beyond the scope of the state. The state can provide all the necessary conditions for moral life; but can not make a human being moral if he doesn’t desire to be moral.
(g) Individual liberty.
Ans: Individual liberty: Individual liberty means that the human being should have complete freedom in their personal and Individual matters. For example food, clothing, marriage, religion, customs, traditions etc. are the personal matters of human beings. The state or the government should not interfere in these matters of the individual. A great scholar of political science John Stuart Mill was a prominent supporter of individual liberty. According to him “a person should get the liberty upto that extent where no other individual has any them”
(h) Political liberty.
Ans: Political liberty: Political liberty exists only in democracy. In this form of government, citizens have full freedom to participate in the government. They can elect their own representatives. They themselves have the right to be elected in the government services.
9. Give two arguments in favour of positive liberty.
Ans: There are two forms of liberty:
(i) Negative liberty.
(ii) Positive liberty.
Two arguments in favour of the positive liberty are given below:
(i) Positive liberty means absence of unjust and oppressive restraint. As Prof Sealey remarks “Liberty is opposite to over governments.”
(ii) It means ample and equal opportunities to all for self development, realization of one’s own “intellectual, emotional and sensuous potentialities”
What do you understand by freedom of speech his ideas freely. This can be done in two ways (a) speaking and (b) writing. Therefore, the freedom of speech and expression has been guaranteed. One can speak before the public to express his ideas or one can write and express his ideas through papers, journals or books etc.
There are the following limitations of this freedom:
(i) Security of the state.
(ii) Friendly relations with the foreign countries.
(iii) Contempt of court.
(iv) Defamation of any citizen.
10. Discuss any two devices to protect liberty
Or
What are the safeguards of liberty?
Ans: The main devices which can be used for the protection of liberty are the following:
(i) Decentralization of power: concentration of the power of the government leads to dictatorship. Which is the negation of liberty distribution of power between the centre and state and making them independents of each other assures that there is no undue interference in the lives of the people.
(ii) Fundamental rights: In the modern ages, the constitution is normally written and contains a bill of rights. Government cannot violate or take away the right easily.
(iii) Separation of power: According to Montesquire, the best safeguard of liberty is separation of powers. Each organ of the government will be allotted its work and there will be no undue interference in each other’s sphere, and people will safely enjoy their liberty.
(iv) Independence of judiciary: Honest impartial and independent judiciary is the guardian of the rights of the people and the projector of their liberty.
11. Suggest some of the safeguards which are essential for maintaining liberty?
Ans: In a modern society, it is essential to provide certain safeguards.
These safeguards which usually provide are:
(i) Separation of power: There should be absolute separation of powers because without that there is every likelihood of its being misused. Power corrupts man and absolute power. So in the interest of liberty it is essential to have separation of powers.
(ii) Rigid and written constitution: To safeguard the individual’s liberty it is essential that the constitution should be both written as well as rigid, A written constitution shall avoid vagueness whereas rigid constitution will ensure rights.
(iii) Independence of judiciary: Judiciary in the watchdog of the rights of citizens. It keeps the individuals and various organs of state within their respective jurisdictions. It can declare laws as unconstitutional and ultra vires, if these rights go against the provisions of the constitution.
(iv) Fundamental Rights: Each state should guarantee its citizens certain fundamental rights. These are the minimum rights which each citizen is sure to enjoy in all circumstances and which if denied either by the state or any other competent authority, can be challenged in the courts of law.
(v) Rule of Law: There should be a rule of law which implies that all the citizens in a state, whether high or low, should be treated by the same set up rules. There should be no separate codes of rules for the rich and the poor. In addition to this, every citizen should be given an opportunity to approach the counts when he feels that he is being denied a certain right.
(vi) No Discretion: To safeguard liberty it is essential that executive government should not be vested with any discretion.
(vii) Absence of Privileges: There should be no privileged classes in the society.
(viii) Democracy: Democracy checks the authorities from becoming autocrat because persons in authority are bound to take the electorates at intervals.
(ix) Vigilance: It has been said that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. If the people are not vigilant their liberty can’t be safeguard.
12. Describe the relation between liberty and authority.
Ans: Liberty and Authority: Modern society is sharply divided on the conception and interpretation of the term liberty and its relation with the sovereign authority of the state. Those who believe that liberty is freedom of doing what one likes whether that has social approval or not are of the opinion that liberty lies in the absence of sovereign authority. They hold the view that authority imposes restrictions which many a time are unwanted and undesirable.
On the contrary there are persons who believe in the very basic idea that liberty and authority must go hand in hand. The former view that liberty is the absence of sovereign authority is very much condemned because it is argued that authority not only guarantees for all for expressing what is best in an individual. It is therefore generally felt that basically it is wrong to believe that liberty of individual and authority of state are contradictory to each other but on the other hand, absolutely necessary and essential for one another. But there is a note of caution as well which is absolutely essential. Both liberty and authority must remain within their limits. As soon as one crosses the limitation one is bound to destroy the purpose for which it was being maintained.
13. Explain the significance of the freedom of speech in a democracy.
Ans: There is no doubt that freedom of speech plays an important role in the process of democratization. Freedom of speech is a guarantee to citizens to participate effectively in the working of democracy. Likewise, a democracy is not viable and stable if individuals, including the leading rivals of the administration in power, lack the rights to free speech. When studying the relationship between democracy and freedom of speech, two questions that need to be asked, however, are whether it is democracy that justifies freedom of speech or it is freedom of speech that serves democracy? However, the ‘servant’ theory of freedom of speech has been subjected to considerable criticism.
The only decisive fact is that freedom of speech and democracy are promoted and combined with each other during the process of democratic development. Further, the subtle relationship between freedom of speech and democracy is flexible. With the different models of democratic process that are adopted.
Notes of AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12 | English Medium Class 11 Political Science Notes In this post we will explain to you Class 11 Political Science Chapter 12 Question Answer | AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Question Answer Unit 12 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
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