SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 13 in English Economic Development

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 13 in English Economic Development | Economic Development Class 10 Question Answer | Class 10 Social Science Question Answer in English Chapter 13 As Per New Syllabus to each Chapter is provided in the list of SCERT, NCERT, SEBA Class 10 Social Economics Part 4 Chapter 13 Question Answer in English/Class 10 Social Chapter 13 Question Answer in English Economic Development.

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 13 Economic Development

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 13 Economic Development। Social Science Guide for Class 10th Chapter 13 in English | Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social In this post we have tried to explain to you that Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 13 in English. If you are a teacher or Student of English Medium, then this is for you. Notes for Class 10 Social Science In English Medium can be very beneficial। Ncert/Scert Social Class 10 Chapter 13 Please read this carefully. By studying this SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 13 carefully, you can get good marks in your upcoming examination.

Chapter 13 Economic Development

Part: 4 Economics

TEXTUAL EXERCISE & ANSWERS

Very Short Type Questions and Answers:

1. Economic growth.

Ans: Economic growth is basically a quantitative concept, which related to growth in output and in particular, growth in per capita income.

2. Economic development.

Ans: Economic development is the economic growth plus changes in the socio-economic structure of a country or institutional changes.

3. Human development.

Ans: Human development means the expansion of collective choice of the people.

4. Economic planning.

Ans: Economic planning is an instrument to attain a set up well defined objectives within a definite time period as determined by a central planning agency.

5. Democrative planning.

Ans: Democrative planning the people participate in the different stages of plan making.

6. Liberalisation.

Ans: Economic liberalisation means lessening of the degree of state control in the economic system of a country.

7. Privatisation.

Ans: Privatisation is opening up of the sector units to the private sector.  

8. Globalisation.

Ans: Globalisation means the integration of the economy of a nation with the economics of the rest of the world.

Short Answer type questions:

1. Mention two important points of difference between economic growth and economic development.

Ans: The two important differences between economic growth and eco nomic development are:

(i) Economic growth is basically a quantitative concept. It relates to growth is output and in particular growth in per capita income. But economic development is a qualitative concept which includes economic growth and also changes in areas or sectors which are socially significant. 

(ii) Economic growth is a narrow concept and economic development is a wider concept, there are may be economic growth without economic develop- ment, but there can not be economic development without economic growth.

2. What are the three indices of human development? 

Ans: The three indices of human development are:

(a) Life expectancy, (b) Literacy, (c) Standard of living.

3. What is meant by the extension of collective choice?

Ans: Human development means the expansion of collective choice of the people. The three indicators of human development such as life expectancy, literacy and standard of living influence collective choice. The choice of the people constitute the core of human development, the technical formula or the concepts are but of secondary importance. The concept of economic growth represents only one choice the level of income. Human development on the other hand covers economic, social cultural and political choices of the people. The focus of human development is an experiment of the lives of the people, it is not merely the rise in the amount of output produced in the country.

4. Mention four important objectives of India’s Five year plAns: 

Ans: The four important objective of India’s Five year plans are:

(a) To remove poverty. 

(b) To remove socioeconomic inequalities.

(c) To expand employment opportunities. 

(d) To raise the growth rate of the economy.

5. Who are the members of NITI Aayog? 

Ans: The members of NITI Aayog are:

(a) Full time members Three experts. 

(b) Part time members Two numbers.

(c) Ex official members Maximum four cabinet Ministers.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

6. Explain one of the main points of difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to 1990-91) and the second phase (1991-92 to the present day).

Ans: The difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to the present day) was In the first period of planning (1951-52 to 1990-91), the public sector was the leading sector in the economy. The role of the private sector was secondary. 

Other hand, the second phase of planning in India covers the period 1991-92 to the present day In this period, the important liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation has increased and the importance of the public sector, today extent, has declined.

7. Briefly explain the three main causes of the introduction of economic reform measures in India.

Ans: The three main causes of the introduction of economic reform measures in India are:

(a) The aggregate public expenditure exceeded the aggregate public revenue which resulted in a huge fiscal deficit. The amount of public expenditure in the public sector was rising over the years but the vast majority of public sector undertakings incurred heavy lesses and hence, the return to public expenditure were low.

(b) The high rate of inflation had unfavourable impact on the Indian economy. Socially and economically backward people with limited income were badly hit by the price rise.

(c) Third, India’s balance of payments position was highly disturbing. The inflow of funds into India was on the decline.

On the country, there was an outflow of capital from India. Consequently, the foreign trade deficit was rising alarmingly. In such situation the World Bank recommended structural changes in the Indian economy.

Against the unfavourable back ground of the Indian economy the Narasimha Rao government at the centre decided to introduce the economic reform measures in India. These measures have encouraged the process of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation in India.

8. Mention three benefits of economic reforms in India.

Ans: The three benefits of economic reforms in India are:

(a) Firstly, there has been a rise in the rate of growth of the economy.

(b) Secondly, the wholesale price index has shown a downward trend. However, the retail price have not registered the same trend.

(c) Thirdly, the foreign currency reserves with the Reserve Bank of India have increased considerably.

9. Briefly explain two problems of economic reforms in India.

Ans: The two problems of economic reforms in India are:

(a) Firstly, both the extent and the intensity of competition have increased which is otherwise a welcome development.

(b) Secondly, excessive consumerism may lend to the erosion of social values where money power will be all pervading.

10. Mention five important objectives of Assam’s Twelfth Five year plan. 

Ans: The objectives of Assam’s Twelfth Plan are:

(a) to rise the rate of growth of the Assam economy to 10 per cent in the next two to three decades in order to remove the gap between Assam economy and the economy of the development states in India.

(b) to adopt various schemes for poverty removal; 

(c) to tackle the problem of flood and erosion with the latest technology and scientific management.

(d) to raise the annual rate of growth of agriculture from 6 percent to 8 percent.

(e) to achieve self-sufficiency in power generation and to apply modern technology in power supply and distribution.

(f) to rase the value of Assam’s human development index and accordingly increase the amount of investment in health and education.

(g) to lay emphasis on skill formation in order to expand opportunities for self employment and promote the growth of micro, small and medium indus- tries including the traditional cottage industries.

(h) to preserve bio-diversity and to tackle the problem of climate change and 

(i) to take up measures to ensure good governance in the state and the local bodies (Panchayat. Municipalities and soon).

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the right answer:

1. The chairman of NITI Aayog is-

(a) President of India. 

(b) Prime minister of India. 

(c) Vice president of India.  

(d) None of them. 

Ans: (b) Prime minister of India. 

2. The time period of 1st Annual plan was-

(a) 1 April 1964-31 March 1968. 

(b) 1 April 1942-31 March 1948. 

(c) 1 April 1966-31 March 1969. 

(d) 1 April 2012-31 March 2015. 

Ans: (c) 1 April 1966-31 March 1969. 

3. The Twelfth Five year plan was started from-

(a) April 2007. 

(b) April 2002. 

(c) April 2012. 

(d) April 2014. 

Ans: (c) April 2012. 

4. The first Human Development Report was published in-

(a) 1990. 

(b) 1980. 

(c) 2000. 

(d) 2001. 

Ans: (a) 1990. 

5. The Human Development Report ______ introduced three new concept of human development.

(a) 2000. 

(b) 2001. 

(c) 2010. 

(d) 2011. 

Ans: (c) 2010. 

Very Short Questions and Answer:

1. Why do you mean by the term ‘Economic Development?

Ans: The Optimum utilisation of natural resources of a country, the development of traditional agriculture and industries, the fulfilment of basic needs of people, the improvement in the general standard of living and the changes in social and mental attitude of people are generally referred to as economic development. 

2. How is per-capita income calculated?

Ans: Per capita income is equal to national income divided by total population of the country.

National Income

Per capita Income- Total Population

3. Who are underdeveloped countries according to World Bank? 

Ans: According to World Bank, the countries with $750 above per capita income are under-developed countries.

4. Who are developed countries according to World Bank?

Ans: According to the World Bank, the countries with $ 750 above per capita income are developed countries.

5. When was the first Human Development Report Published? 

Ans: The First Human Development Report was Published in 1990.

6. Which organisation publishes Human Development Report?

Ans: The UNDP organisation is published Human Development Report. 

7. UNDP Stands for?

Ans: United Nations Development Programme.

8. What is life expectancy?

Ans: Life expectancy is the number of years that a child is expected to survive at the time of birth.

9. HPI stands for?

Ans: Human Development Index. 

10. When was the First Five Year plan started?.

Ans: The First Five Year plan started from 1 April, 1951-31 March 1956. 

11. The full forms of NITI?

Ans: National Institute for Transforming India or NITI.

12. What was replaced the Planning Commission of India?

Ans: NITI Aayog has replaced the Planning Commission of India.

13. When did NITI Aayog start its operation?

Ans: NITI Aayog has started its operation from January 1, 2015. 

14. When was the first meet of NITI Aayog held?

Ans: The first meet of NITI Aayog was held on February 8, 2015 in Delhi.

15. Who is the chairman of NITI Aayog?

Ans: The prime Minister of India is the chairman of NITI Aayog.

16. Who appointed the Vice-chairman of NITI Aayog?

Ans: The Prime Minister appointed the vice-chairman of NITI Aayog.

17. What is Mixed Economy?

Ans: In which economy the public sector and the private sector coexist. Hence it is Known as Mixed Economy. For example, Indian Economy.

18. What is financial sector?

Ans: The financial sector is composed of commercial banks, investment bank, share market and the foreign exchange market.

19. What do you mean by green revolution?

Ans: Green revolution implies the increase in agricultural production by using modern technology. 

 20. Name two states which have enjoyed the benefit of green revolution.

Ans: Punjab and Haryana.

Short Questions and Answers:

1. When was ‘NITI Aayog’ formed? Who is the chairman of ‘NITI Aayog’?

Ans: ‘NITI Aayog’ was formed in January 2015.

The chairman of ‘NITI Aayog’ is the Prime Minister of India. 

2. Write two difference between developed and developing economics.

Ans: The two difference between developed and developing economies are:

(a) The developed countries have higher per capita income, but in developing countries per capita income is very low. 

(b) The developed countries are industrial countries, but the developing countries are agricultural countries.

3. Write two main characteristics of the developing countries.

Ans: The two main characteristics of the developing countries are: 

(a) Low per capita income.

(b) Rapid population growth. 

4. What is public sector? 

Ans: In public sector enterprise the economic system are entirely under the control of the state and production processes are carried on the interest of the society as a whole. 

5. What are the three layer of administration in India?

Ans: There are three layers of administration in India are:

(i) Central government, 

(ii) State government, 

(iii) Local bodies (Panchayat, Municipalities etc.)

6. Mention the three new concept of human development.

Ans: The Human Development Report 2010 has introduced three new concept of human development. 

These are:

(i) The inequality adjusted Human Development Index. 

(ii) Gender inequality index and

(iii) Multidimensional poverty index.

7. Mention any three objectives of economic planning.

Ans: The three main objectives of economic planning are:

(i) Self reliance. 

(ii) Social Justice. 

(iii) Development of agriculture.

8. Mention any two obstacles of economic development. 

Ans: The two obstacles of economic development are:

(i) Dependence on agriculture.

(ii) Rapid growth of population. 

9. Mention the main achievement of economic planning in India.

Ans: The main achievement of economic planning in India are:

(i) Agricultural and Industrial Development.

(ii) Modernisation.

(iii) Poverty Alleviation.

10. Mention any three advantages of public sector In India.

Ans: The three advantages of public sector in India are:

(i) In public sector production of goods there is no provision of profit motives, welfare is the aim of production.

(ii) Only in public sector system organisation of education and public health, provision for social security, development of transport and communication etc. are possible. 

(iii) There is no alternative to public sector for the establishment heavy industries for sufficient production to meet the need of people.

11. Mention three main objectives of economic planning in India? 

Ans: The three main objectives of economic planning in India are:

(i) To remove economic disparity.

(ii) To increase export.

(iii) To increase rate of economic growth.

12. When the Tenth Five Year Plan was started and when will end? 

Ans: The Tenth five year plan of India was started from 1st April, 2002 and it would end on 31st March, 2007.

13. When the current Fifth Five Year Plan was started in Assam and when will end?

Ans: The current Fifth Five Year Plan of Assam was started 1st April, 2012 and it would end on 31st March, 2017.

14. Mention any two objectives of Assam’s Twelfth Five Year Plan. 

Ans: The two objectives of Asssam’s Twelfth Five Year Plan are:

(i) To adopt various schemes for poverty removed.

(ii) to raise the annual rate of growth of agriculture from 6% to 8%.

15. Mention two merits of liberalisation.

Ans: The two merits of liberalisation are:

(i) Free flow of foreign investment.

(ii) No government interference in production.

16. Mention two merits of globalisation.

Ans: The two merits of globalisation are:

(i) It encourages foreign competition which reduces cost and improves quality, 

(ii) Globalisation helps in eradicating unemployment.

17. Mention two merits/advantages of public sector in India.

Ans: The two advantages of public sector in India are:

(i) Industries generate huge employment opportunities

(ii) Plays significant role in industries development of backward states removing regional disparities. 

18. Mention two demerits of liberalisation.

Ans: The two demerits of liberalisation are: 

(i) Neglects of social welfare.

(ii) Possibility of monopolies and concentration.

19. Mention two demerits of privatisation.

Ans: The two demerits of privatisation are:

(i) Privatisation results in high employee turnover.

(ii) The govt organisation fixes price of output at artificially low level.

20. Mention two demerits of globalisation.

Ans: The two demerits of globalisation are:

(i) Underdevelopment countries are unable to face the competition of large scale foreign units.

(ii) Encourages multinational company which hold monopoly situation which eventually affect local companies adversely.

21. On the basis of per capita income how are the countries of the world divided per capita income?

Ans: On the basis of per capita income the countries of the world are divided per capita income in three basis. 

Those are:

(i) lower income.

(ii) middle income.

(iii) higher income.

22. Explain economic Development, according to GM Meirr. 

Ans: According to GM Meirr ‘Economic development is a process, where the real per capita income of a country increase over a long period of time.”

23. Explain “Economic development is a multidimensional process”.

Ans: Economic development is a multidimensional process-in this process, there takes place a great change in social organisation, current attitude of people and national institution, the rate of economy growth increases, income disparity declines and there is an end of as solute poverty.

Long Questions and Answers:

1. Mention three problems of economic development in Assam.

Ans: The three problems of economic development in Assam are:

(i) Method of irrigation is not developed and irrigation facilities are not adequate. 

(ii) Crop protection and crop harvesting methods are not developed.

(iii) The agricultural sector and the agro-based industries sector are not progressing parallely. 

2. Write short notes:

(a) Human development.

Ans: Human development: The first Development Report was published in 1990. It is an annual publication of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). There are three indicators of human development. (i) Life expectancy, (ii) Literacy and (iii) Standard of living, basically accessibility to pure drinking water and sanitation.

In reality, human development means the expansion of collective choice of the people. The three indicators mentioned above influence collective choice. The choices of the people constitute the core of human develop- ment; the technical formula or the concepts are but of secondary importance. The concept of economic growth represents only one choice, the level of income. Human development, on the other hand, covers economic, social, cultural and political choices of the people. The focus of human development is on enrichment of the lives of the people, it is not generally the rise in the amount of output produced in the country.

The Human Development Report 2010 has introduced three new concepts of human development. These are (a) the inequality adjusted Human Development Index, (b) gender inequality index and (c) multidimensional poverty index. The first concept seeks to determine how human develop- ment has influenced different classes of people in the society. The second concept is about the inequalities between male and female. The third concept highlights the different forms of poverty.

(b) Economic planning.

Ans: Economic planning: Economic planning is a well-organised endeavour of an economy to bring rapid changes in social and economic conditions. The responsibility of the government is immense in this regard. Economic development is not possible without active endeavours of the government. Therefore, a competent and responsible government coun- tries. According to Michal Todaro, economic planning implies “the con-scious efforts of a central organisation to influence, direct and in some cases, even control changes in the principal economic variable of a certain country or region over the course of time a accordance with a predeter- mined set of objectives.”

Economic planning is an instrument to attain a set of well defined objectives within a definite time period as determined by a central planning agency. In India, the plan is formulated for a period of five years. In general, the main objectives of planning in India are to raise the rate of growth of the economy, to remove socio-economic inequalities, to remove poverty, to expand employment opportunities, to remove regional inequalities, to ensure sustainable economic development without causing damage to the environment and soon.

Right from the First Five Year Plan down to the Twelfth Five Year Plan, the Planning Commission of India formulated the objectives, prepared the strategy of investment, explored the ways of mobilisation of resources and evaluate and monitor the progress of the various schemes and the projects covered by the plan.

(c) Liberalisation.

Ans: Liberalisation: Economic liberalisation means lessening of the de-gree of state control in the economic system of a country. Prior to 1991 the government used to play a predominant role in the sectors like industry. finances, foreign exchange dealings trade, investment and the like. The per- mit and licence policy of the government was the main instrument the government control in the economy. As a part of the economic reform measures government control has been lifted in a large number of industries except liquor, cigarette, hazardous chemicals, industrial explosives, electrical equip- ment, drugs and so on. Defence, atomic power generation and rail transport are reserved for the public sector.

The financial sector is composed of commercial banks, investment bank, share market and the foreign exchange market. In the liberalised Indian economy the foreign banks have been allowed to enter into India’s banking sector.

(d) Privatisation.

Ans: Privatisation: Privatisation is opening up of the sector units to the private sector. The Industrial Policy, Government of India, 1991 has opened up 9 public sector units to the private sector. One form of privatisation is disinvestment. Disinvestment means the sale of the shares of the public sector units to private parties. Thus, the entire amount of capital that is necessary for the public sector unit is not supplied by the government, a pert of that is contributed by the private individuals (shareholders).

(e) Globalisation.

Ans: Globalisation: Globalisation means the integration of the economy of a nation with the economies of the rest of the world. In a sense, globalisation is the result of privatisation and liberalisation of the economy. A country that avoids integration with the world economy is an inward looking coun- try Its economic isolationism is known as autarky. Globalisation reduces the distance among the countries of the world. The use of information technology and the internet have speeded up the process of globalisation. The countries of the world are moving towards a borderless world. Globalisation creates a competitive environment in which both the consumers and producers tend to gain.

It is important to ensure that globalisation does not pause any threat to national interest. A globalisation economy must not mean the sacrifice of its economic sovereignty, language, literature and culture. It should be possible to reap the benefits of globalisation without sacrificing the national interest.

(f) NITI Aayog.

Ans: NITI Aayog: NITI Aayog has replaced the Planning Commission of India. NITI stands for the National Institution for Transforming India. NITI Aayog has come into operation from January 1, 2015. The first meet of NITI Aayog was held on February 8, 2015 in Delhi. The Chairman of NITI Aayog is the Prime Minister of India. The other members of NITI Aayog are the Vice-Chairman, Chief Ministers of states, Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories, four Central Ministers, Chief Executive Officer and the expert from different fields.

Structure of NITI Aayog

Committee-Chairman: Prime Minister.

Vice-Chairman: Appointed by Prime Minister.

Full time members: Three expert.

Part-time members: Two numbers.

Ex Officio members: Maximum four Cabinet Ministers.

Chief Executive Officer: One IAS officer.

Executive Council: All Chief Ministers and Lt. Governor of Union Territories.

(g) Democratic Planning.

Ans: Democratic Planning: Planning in India is democratic planning. In democratic planning the people participate in the different stages of plan making. The decisions are not imposed from the top. Democratic planning ensures decentralisation of power. There are three layers of administration in India central government, state governments and local bodies (Panchayats, Municipalities etc). At each level, the plan schemes are discussed by the representatives of the people. As the representatives of the people formulate and discuss schemes at the lowest level of administration (local bodies), it is known as grassroot planning.

2. Mention four problems of economic reforms in India. 

Ans: The four problems of economic reforms in India are:

(a) First, both the extent and the intensity of competition have increased which is otherwise a welcome development. But unless more purchasing power comes to the hands of the common man, the benefits of economic reform will be limited.

(b) Secondly, excessive consumerism may lead to the erosion of social values where money power will be all pervading. Thirdly, the management of globalisation has assumed importance.

(c) Thirdly globalisation must not come into conflict with the furtherance of the national interest. Fourthly, good governance will be of crucial importance in delivering the benefits of economic reforms particularly to the weaker sections of people in the society. In the meanwhile, there has been a wel- come move to increase bank accounts in the country. Such a move will ensure financial inclusion. Benefits of economic growth and development should go to each and every section of people in the society. The accessibility to banking services is, therefore, highly desirable.

3. Discuss briefly the difference between the economic growth and economic development.

Ans: The difference between the Economic growth and Economic development are discuss below:

Economic development is basically a qualitative concept. It includes the quantitative concept i.e., economic growth and also changes in areas or sectors which are economically and socially significant. Economic growth is a narrow concept; economic development is a broader concept. There may be economic growth without economic development. But, there cannot be economic development without economic growth.

The concept of economic development has come to the limelight after the mid sixties. Economic development also takes into account the growth of per capita income. But it goes much beyond that. Economic development also looks into how increased income is being distributed so as to avoid concentration of income in the hands of the few.

Again, mere rise in output cannot be equaled with economic growth. The composition of output must also be examined. It is quite possible that the output of luxury goods ane intoxicants (wine, drugs etc) has gone up and the output of essentials is limited. In that case total output will rise but the level of welfare of the people will not. Moreover, the growth of output and per capita income may be at the cost of the environment. While trying to boost output, the producers may use natural resources in a most haphazard and unplanned manner. Such ultilisation of natural resources will raise output at present but the future generation will have to face environmental problems (pollution, emission of green house gases etc). It will not be sustainable development. Economic development is also about other institutional changes. Education, health, banking, land tenure and so on also undergo changes over time. Economic growth is not about such changes. These are covered by economic development.

 4. Write briefly how the economic reform in India is influenced by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. 

Ans: The second phase of economic planning in India covers the period 1991-92 to the present day. In this period the importance of liberalisation, privatisations and globalisation has increased and brought a significant reform in the Indian economy.

Economic libaralisation means lessening of the degree of the control in the economic system of a country. Prior to 1991, the permit and licence policy of the govt was the main instrument to control economy. As a part of the economic reform measures govt control has been lifted in a large numbers of industries except liquor, cigarette, chemicals, drugs etc. Defence, atomic power generation and rail transport are reasoned for the public sector. The financial sector is composed of commercial banks, investment bank, share market and the foreign exchange market. In the liberalised Indian economy the foreign banks have been allowed to enter in to India’s banking sector. 

Privatisation has also brought economic reform in India. Privatisation is opening up of the sector units to the private sector. The Govt of India 1991 has opened up nine public sector units to the private sector. Another form of privatisation is disinvestment which means the sale of the shares of the public sector units to private parties. Thus entire amount of capital that is necessary for the public sector units contributed by the private share-holders.

Another economic reform is globalisation which means the integrations of the economy of a nation with the economies of the rest of the world. Globalisation is the result of privatisation and liberalisation of the economy. A country that avoids integration with the world economy is an inward looking country. Globalisation reduces the distance among the countries of the world. The use of information technology and the internet have speeded up the process of globalisation. It creates a competitive environment in which both the consumers and producers tend to gain.

In this way LPG (liberalisation, privatisations and globalisation) has brought a tremendous changes to Indian economic growth and development.

5. Mention some important objects of Assam Eleventh Five Year Plan. 

Ans: The Tenth Five Year Plan of India started on the 1st April, 2002 and ended in the 31st March, 2007. The total amount of expenditure of the plan was Rs 4,081,700 crores. Out of the total expenditure, an amount of Rs. 1,592,300 crores was earmarked for the public sector. The amount of Rs 9,21,291 crores and Rs. 6,71,009 crores were fixed for the central government and the state governments including the Union Territories respectively. Of the total public sector investment, the share of the Central Government was 57.9% and that of the state government 42.1%. 

Objectives of the Tenth Five Year Plan:

The objectives of India’s Tenth Five year Plan were as follows:

(a) To increase the Gross Domestic product at the rate of 8% per annum. 

(b) To reduce the proportion of poverty by 5% within 2007 and 15% within 2012.

(c) To create gainful and high level employment on the basis of popula- tion growth.

(d) To ascertain primary education for all children of the country within 2007.

(e) To reduce the disparity of wages between male and female workers at least by 50 per cent.

(f) To reduce the rate of population growth by 16.2% during 2001-2011. 

(g) To increase the rate of literacy to 72% within 2007 and to 80% within 2012. 

(h) To reduce the child mortality rate in 45 per thousand during 2007 and to 28 per thousand during 2012. 

(i) To reduce maternal mortality rate of 20 per thousand within 2007 and to 10 per thousand within 2012.

6. Discuss briefly the three new concepts of human development.

Ans: The human development Report 2010 has introduced three new concepts of human development.

These are:

(i) The inequality adjusted Human Development Index: The first this concept seeks of determine how human development has influenced different classes of people in the society.

(ii) Gender inequality index: The second this concept is about the inequalities between male and female.

(iii) Multidimensional poverty index: The third this concept highlights the different forms of poverty. 

7. Mention some main objectives of India’s Five Year Plan.

Ans: The main objectives of India’s five years plan are:

(i) To raise the rate of growth of the economy.

(ii) To remove socio-economic inequalities.

(iii) To remove poverty.

(iv) To expand employment opportunities.

(v) To remove regional in qualities.

8. Mention four major objectives of the first period or phase at economic planning in India. 

Ans: In the first period of planning (1951-52 to 1990-91), the public sector was the leading sector in the economy. The role of the private sector was secondary. In the first period or phase at economic planning in India. 

The major objectives of planning were:

(i) To raise the rate of economic growth.

(ii) To give important to the application of modern technology.

(iii) To attain self-reliance.

(iv) To secure social Justice.

During this period the rate of growth of the Indian economy was not satisfactory. Some of the factors responsible for such a growth rate were the change aggression, the Indo-Pak conflict, poor rainfall and rapid political changes in India. During the period the average rate of growth of the Indian Economy was just 3.5%. 

9. Mention three difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to 1990-91) and the second phase (1991-92 to the present day)

Ans: The three difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to 1990-91) and the second phase (1991-92 to the present day) are discuss below:

(a) In the first period of planning (1951-52 to 1990-91) the public sector was the leading sector in the economy. The role of the private sector was secondary. 

On the other hand 2nd period of planning (1991-92 to the present day) the public sector importance to extent.

(b) In the first period of planning the public sector and the private sector coexist. Hence it is known as Mixed Economy

But the 2nd phase of planning the importance of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation has increased.

(c) During this period the average rate of growth of the Indian economy was just 3.5 percent. The remarkable feature was the growing contribution of the service sector to India’s national income. From 28 percent in 1950-51, this contribution increased to 40.5 percent in 1990-91

On the second phase of planning there was an outflow of capital from India. The foreign trade deficit was rising alarmingly. In such a situation the world bank recommended structural changes in the Indian economy.

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