SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 in English Indian Democracy

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Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 Indian Democracy

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 10 Indian Democracy। Social Science Guide for Class 10th Chapter 10 in English | Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social In this post we have tried to explain to you that Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 10 in English. If you are a teacher or Student of English Medium, then this is for you. Notes for Class 10 Social Science In English Medium can be very beneficial। Ncert/Scert Social Class 10 Chapter 10 Please read this carefully. By studying this SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 10 carefully, you can get good marks in your upcoming examination.

Chapter 10 Indian Democracy

Part: 3 Political Science

TEXTUAL EXERCISE & ANSWERS

Very Short Answer Questions:

1. Which political party won the election held in 1945 in England?

Ans. The Labour party won the election held in 1945 in England.

2. When did ‘The Cabinet Mission’ come to India?

Ans. The Cabinet Mission came to India in March 1946.

3. Who was the first chairman of the constituent Assembly?

Ans. Dr Rajendra Prasad was the first chairman of the constituent Assembly.

4. Who was the president of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution?

Ans. Dr B. R. Ambedkar was the president of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution.

5. In which constitution amemdment, were the words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ incorporated in the ‘preamble’?

Ans. In the 42nd constitutional amendment.

6. From which Latin word has the English word ‘Federation’ been derived.

Ans. From the Latin word ‘Foedus’.

7. Which country is regarded as the ‘Homeland’ of federation?

Ans. The United State of America as the ‘Homeland of Federation’.

8. Is there dual citizenship system in India?

Ans. No, dual citizenship system in India.

9. From which country constitution has the concept of India’s parliamentary democracy been followed?

Ans. From the constitution of England.

Short Answer Questions:

1. Why did the British government send the Cabinet Mission to India?

Ans. The British government sent the ‘Cabinet Mission’ to India in March, 1946 to create a congenial environment and making necessary preparation for framing a new constitution of India.

2. According to which Act, India’s administration was governed between 15 August, 1947 to 26 January, 1950 and who enacted this Act?

Ans. According to the Government of India Act, 1935, India’s administra- tion was governed between 15 August, 1947 to 26 January, 1950 and the British government enact this Act.

3. Why are the words ‘we the people of India’ have been incorpo- rated in the preamble?

Ans. The words ‘we the people of India’ in the preamble of the constitution, its makers made it crystal clear in definite terms that the actual authority of the constitution is the Indian people themselves, it belongs solely to them and they are the main force behind the making of the Indian constitution.

4. What is meant by the term Sovereign?

Ans. Sovereign is the supreme and absolute power of the state.

5. According to which constitutional amendement the two words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ have been incorporated in the Preamble and in which year?

Ans. According to the 42nd constitutional amendment in the year 1976, the two words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ have been incorporated in the Preamble.

6. What is meant by ‘Quasi-federal state”?

Ans. Quasi-federal state’ means such a state which is not fully federal in nature. It is a mixture of characteristics of federation and unitary government.

7. Which Indian Act had introduced limited Parliamentary democracy in pre-independence India?

Ans. The Government of India Act, 1935 had introduced limited Parliamentary democracy in Pre-independence India.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the ideals of the Indian Constitution have been manifested in its Preamble.

Ans. The preamble is the introduction to the constitution. In the introduction of a book all about the book is briefly mentioned. Similarly in the Preamble to the Indian constitution. That is why the Preamble of the Indian constitution is regarded as the soul, the consciences, the threshold and the keys of the Indian constitution.

Realy, to grasp the inner spirit of the constitution one should go through the Preamble of the constitution. Because each and every words mentioned in the Preamble, bears ideals, philosophy and objectives of the constitutions.

Every word in the Preamble which begins with the words, “We the people of India’, bears certain meaning and ideal. It is important to mention that the makers of the Indian constitution paid due attention to manifest every aspect of rich ancient Indian culture and civilization as the guiding principles in the pages of the Indian constitution.

The words ‘we the people of India’ in the preamble of the constitution, its makers made it crystal clear in definite terms that the actual authority of the constitution is the Indian people themselves, it belongs solely to them and they are the main force behind the making of the Indian constitution.

2. Write in detail about what is meant by sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic.

Ans. The significant words in the Preamble are:

(a) Sovereign, (c) Secular, (c) Republic, (d) Socialist, (d) Democratic.

(a) Sovereign: India is a Sovereign state. Sovereignty is the supreme and absolute power of the state. In other words externally India is not subordinate to any foreign power nor is India directed by any other force internally.

(b) Socialist: India is a socialist state. This word was incorporated in the Preamble through 42nd constitutional amendment in the year, 1976. The word signifies that there shall not be inequality among the people of India in regards to their income, status and the standard of living. All the ways and means of production would be nationalised. Socialism shall be established through the equal distribution of the national income and the mixed economy. The national economy shall be determined by the people themselves. Country’s economy shall not be guided by any capitalist class of people.

(c) Secular: India is a secular state. There shall not be any official of state religion in India. In the eyes of the government all religious are equal and as such there shall not be any discrimination among the religions. The government shall not show any special interest or make concessions to any particular religion. It is to be noted that this word was inserted in the Preamble of the constitution by the 42nd constitutional amendment.

(d) Democratic: India is a democratic state. The administration of the country shall be governed by the elected representatives of the people. The people shall administer the country for themselves and administration shall be responsible to the people.

(e) Republic: India is a republic. The Head of the state (the President) shall be elected by the people. The post of the Head of the state shall not be hierarchical nor a person selected by someone.

3. Discuss the objective resolutions put forward by Pandit Nehru in relation to the Indian constitution.

Ans. The main points of the objective resolutions put forward by Pandit Nehru are as follows:

(i) The Constituent Assembly is determined to declare India as Independent Sovereign Republic. (Later on the word “Independent was removed.)

(ii) A union of states shall be constituted with the British-ruled Indian territory and the erstwhile princely kingdoms willing to join the Indian territory.

(iii) Social, economic and political justice, equality, religious liberty, free- dom of expressing through and opinion of the Indian people will be duly recognised.

(iv) There shall be measures to safeguard the interests of the Schedule Caste, Schedule Tribe, backward classes and the Minority people of India.

(v) Importance shall be given to safeguard the freedom, sovereignty and integrity of the country.

(vi) India shall extend full cooperation for the sake of cordial international relations, world peace and welfare of the people.

(vii) The people of India shall be the source of all powers. The government of the sovereign state and its constituent parts shall obtain their power from the people.

(viii) The indigenous princely states desiring to join the Indian union shall enjoy the status of its constituent province through self-governance with the residuary powers.

4. Discuss the characteristics of the Indian federal system.

Ans. The characteristics of the Indian federal system are:

(i) Decentralization of power: The decentralization of power between the central government and the governments of the constituent provinces is the chief characteristics of the Federal government.

(ii) Separation of Power: The three organs in the federal government namely- (1) the Executive, (2) the Legislature. (3) The Judiciary are completely independent in their own sphere. None of them is the substitute of the another.

(iii) The written and the rigin constitution: The constitution in the federal type of government is written as well as rigid in nature. So the process of amending the constitutional provisions is also very different

(iv) Two types of government: There are two types of government in the federal type of government. One is the central government and the other type is the provincial governments. Both the type of governments possess their own respective constitutions.

(v) Dual citizenship: In the states having the federal type of government the people are entitled to two types of citizenship. Apart from being the citizen of the whole state, the citizens inhabiting the constituent provinces also get separate identity as the citizen of the respective province where the reside.

(vi) Independent Judiciary: In the federal type of government there exist a free and independent Judiciary which performs the duty of the supreme authority and the guardian of the federal constitution.

5. Explain the important characteristic of the Parliamentary form of government in India.

Ans. The main characteristics of the parliamentary form of government are:

(i) Two Heads: There are two heads in this system. One is the nominal executive and the other one is the real on actual executive.

The council of ministers under the leadership of the Prime minister is the real executive and the head of the state like the President. The King or the Queen is the nominal executive.

(ii) The members of the executive are also the members of the legislature: In this type of government the executive or the members of the council of ministers are also the members of the legislature.

(iii) Close relationship between the legislature and the executive: There is close relationship between the legislature and the executive.

(iv) The Council of Ministers is responsible to the legislature: In the parliamentary form of government the executive remains responsible to the legislature for its every work. The council of ministers is bound to tender its resignation if the legislature passes the No Confidence Motion in the floor of the House.

(v) collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers: In this type of government the council of ministers remain responsible to the legislature collectively. The whole council of minister becomes responsible for the fail- ure of a single minister.

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answers:

1. India is a-

(a) Federal state.

(b) Unitary state.

(d) Quasi federal state.

Ans. (c) Union of state.

2. The Federal system was first introduced in-

(a) India.

(b) USA.

(d) Japan.

Ans. (b) USA.

3. The biggest democratic country in the world-

(a) UK.

(b) India.

(d) USA.

Ans. (b) India.

4. The chairman of Drafting Council of the constitution was-

(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

(d) Mahatma Gandhi.

Ans. (a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

5. The first President of the constituent Assembly

(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

(d) Bill Kilton.

Ans. (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

6. The President of India appoints as the chairman of the North-East Council-

(a) One of the chief Ministers of North East States.

(b) One of the Governors of the North-East States.

(d) One of the Chief Secretaries of the North East States.

Ans. (b) One of the Governors of the North East States.

7. Who among the following person was not the member of the Drafting committee of the constitute of India-

(a) N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

(b) K. M. Munshi.

(d) D. P. Kahitan.

Ans: (c) Jawaharlal Nehru b

8. Which word was incorporated in the preamble of Indian Constitution through the 42nd amendment in 1976?

(a) Sovereign.

(b) Republic.

(d) Socialist.

Ans: (d) Socialist.

Very Short Questions and Answer:

1. What was ‘Cabinet Mission”?

Ans. ‘Cabinet Mission’ was a unit of three cabinet ministers of England.

2. From when the procedure of the constituent assembly was started?

Ans. From 9th December 1946.

3. Which party came into power in England in the general elections held in July, 1945?

Ans. The Labour party.

4. What had been formed with the initiative of the Cabinet Mission?

Ans. A constituent Assembly.

5. Who Presided over the first sitting of the constituent Assembly held on 9 December, 1946?

Ans. Dr. Sachidananda Sinha.

6. How many sittings of the constituent Assembly were held in relation to the preparation of the new constitution of India?

Ans. Total eleven sittings.

7. When did the constituent Assembly constitute a Drafting Committee?

Ans. On 29th August, 1947.

8. Who was the chairman of the Drafting Committee?

Ans. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

9. When was the draft copy of the new Indian Constitution was handed over to Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Ans. On 26th November 1946.

10. When did the new constitution come into force?

Ans. On 26th January, 1950.

11. What is preamble?

Ans. The Preamble is the introduction of the constitution

12. What is Sovereign?

Ans. Sovereignty is the supreme and absolute power of the state.

13. From where, the term ‘federation’ is derived?

Ans. From the word ‘Feodus’.

14. What is the literal meaning of ‘Feodus’

Ans. Agreement or Treaty’.

15. What do you meant by Federal State?

Ans. Federal state is a union of states, united through mutual agreement on treaty.

16. Where was the federal system first introduced?

Ans. In the United States of America.

17. Which country is regarded as the Home Land of Federation?

Ans. United States of America.

18. Whom did the makers of Indian Constitution follow while choosing federal system for India?

Ans. Canada.

19. When was the Sarkaria Commission set up?

Ans. In 1983.

20. How many houses are there in the Indian Parliament?

Ans. Two Houses named Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

Short type Questions and Answers:

1. Under which initiativeness the constituent Assembly was formed and when is first sitting was held?

Ans. The initiative of the Cabinet Mission, a constituent Assembly was formed and is first ever sitting was held on 9 December, 1946.

2. Give a short note on Drafting Committee.

Ans. The Constituent Assembly constituted a Drafting Committee on 29 August, 1947. The Drafting Committee which was constituted with seven specialist all belonging to divergent fields, was given the great responsibility of preparing the draft of the constitution. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting Committee.

After a three years long rigorous labour, the Drafting Committee prepared the draft copy of the new Indian constitution and the same was handed over to its President Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 26 November, 1949. With the signature on the draft copy of the new constitution by Dr Rajendra Prasad, the people of India got a new constitution for themselves. But the new constitution came into force only on 20 January, 1950 due to mony administrative and other related problems.

3. Why the Preamble of Indian constitution is called as soul conscience, threshold and kyes?

Ans. The Preamble is the introduction to the constitution. In the intro- duction of a book all about the book is briefly mentioned. Similarly in the preamble of the Indian constitution, the main feature (viz : ideas and objectives) of the constitution have been described. That is why the Preamble of the Indian constitution is regarded as the soul, the conscience, the threshold and the keys of the Indian constitution.

4. Which words were not included when the constitution of Indian come into force as 26th Jan, 1950?

Ans. When the new constitution of India came into force on 26th January, 1950 the words-socialist, secular and unity were not included in the Preamble.

5. Who were the members of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?

Ans. The members of the Drafting Committee of the constitution were:

(i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (chairman).

(ii) N. Gopalaswami Ayengar.

(iii) Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer.

(iv) K.M. Munshi.

(v) N Madhava Rao.

(vi) D.P Khaitan.

6. Name the words in the Preamble.

Ans. The significant words in the Preamble are:

(1) Sovereign.

(ii) Secular.

(iii) Socialist.

(iv) Democratic.

(v) Republic.

7. What do you meant by the term ‘Sovereignty?

Ans. Sovereignty is the supreme and absolute power of the state. In other words externally India is not subordinate to any foreign power nor is India directed by any other force internally. For example- India is a sovereign state.

8. What is meant by the term ‘Socialist’?

Ans. The word ‘Socialist’ was incorporated in the Preamble through the 42nd constitutional amendment in the year, 1976. The word signifies that there shall not be inequality among the people of India in regards to their income, status and the standard of living. All the ways and means of production would be nationalised.

9. What is a ‘Federal State’?

Ans. The English term ‘Federation’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Foedus’. Its literal meaning is ‘Agreement or Treaty’. Thus federal state is a union of states, united through mutual agreement or treaty. In this case, the constituting provinces recognise the sovereign power of a central govt. and simultaneously these provinces retain their own liberty and individuality.

10. Why USA is called the Homeland of Federation?

Ans. The Federal system was first Introduced in the United states of America. Thus the USA is regarded as the Homeland of Federation.

11. Why the makers of the Indian Constitution adopted the constitution of Canada instead of the USA.

Ans. The system of the USA was the real federal system where the constituent states enjoy more freedom and dual citizenship supported by a separate constitution. The makers of the Indian constitution realised that, if the constituent states of new born India are allowed to enjoy separate constitution and dual citizenship like the USA, the national integrity may be endangered.

Hence the makers of the Indian constitution introduced a kind of a loose federation following by the Canadian Constitutions.

12. How the learned makes of the Indian constitution has categorised our political system?

Ans.

(a) Quasi Federal

(b) Peculiar Federation

(d) Federal in form but unitary in spirit.

13. Why is the Indian Federal system an exceptional one?

Ans. In India the central government is more powerful than state or regional government. There is only one constitution for the whole Indian federation. The appointment of Governor is not like other federal states, Governor is an agent of Union government, no dual citizenship system followed by the Indian federation. Therefore Indian federal system is an exceptional one.

14. Why was the Sarkaria Commission set up in 1983?

Ans. To resolve the conflicts about the centralised federal system and to bring certain constitutional amendments to India’s federal structure in order to given some freedom to the constituent provinces the Sarkaria Commis- sion was set up in 1983.

15. How the Constituent Assembly of India was formed?

Ans. The constituent Assembly of India was composed of the members elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies of Indian Provinces.

Long Questions and Answers:

1. Discuss briefly the constituent Assembly.

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Write the making process of the Indian Constitution.

Ans. A constitution is very essential for an independent and democratic country, because the constitution and democracy both are complementary to each other. As such, there cannot be a true democratic state without having a constitution of its own. Similarly the role of a constitution is mean- ingless without having democracy. In fact, the process of making a constitu- tion had begun even before India attained her independence.

In the general elections held in July, 1945 in England; the Labour Party came to power and the new government took the decision to declare independence to India. Accordingly, the Labour Party Government of England felt the utmost necessity of a constitution for the new democratic state i.e. India.

As such, the British government sent the ‘Cabinet Mission’ to India in March, 1946 to create a congenial environment and to make necessary preparation for framing a new constitution of India. The Cabinet Mission was a unit for three cabinet ministers of England. With the initiative of the Cabinet Mission, a constituent Assembly was formed and its first ever sitting was held on 9 December, 1946. The senior member of the Constituent Assembly, Dr Sacchidananda Sinha presided over the first sitting. Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.

Altogether eleven sitting of the Constituent Assembly were held in relation of the preparation of the new constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly constituted a Drafting Committee on 29 August, 1947 The Drafting Committee which was constituted with seven specialists all belonging to divergent fields, was given the great responsibility of preparing the draft of the constitution. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting Committee. After a three years long rigorous labour, the Drafting Committee pre- pared the draft copy of the new Indian constitution and the same was handed over to its President Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 26 November, 1949. With the signature on the draft copy of the new constitution by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the people of India got a new constitution for themselves.

2. What is parliamentary democracy? Discuss briefly the parliamentary Democracy in India.

Ans. The parliamentary democracy is such an administrative system where by the highest administrative powers are vested in a body which is constituted with the peoples representatives. Such body constituted people’s representatives is known as the Congress in the USA, and in India and England, the same is known as the parliament. The Indian Parliament has been constituted with two Houses, namely the House of the people (Lok Sabha) and the Council of states (Rajya Sabha). The President of India is a part of the Indian Parliament. In short the democratic system where the parliament is given utmost importance is re- garded as the Parliamentary democracy.

In the post independence period the Indian Parliamentary democracy had been able to provide a government that is mostly responsible to the people. The makers of the Indian constitutions had followed the constitu- tion of England in particular while adopting a parliamentary form of Government in the constitution. In fact, the Govt of India Act, 1935 had also introduced a parliamentary form of government in a limited form in the pre-independence India.

Parliamentary system of England, nevertheless the makers of the Indian constitution did not follow the English constitution blindly. Instead they gave due importance to the political and social conditions and the environment of India and whatever ideas followed from England were Indianised to place in the constitution. As a result, the Indian Parliamentary democratic system has become quite exceptional.

3. Write the main differences between the Parliamentary democratic system of India and that of England.

Ans. The main differences between the parliamentary democratic system of India and that of England are:

(a) Firstly, the Indian Parliamentary democracy makes India a Republic. But England’s Parliamentary democracy is not a republic. Unlike in England, the Head of the state in India’s Parliamentary democracy is not an hierachical person. While England’s Head, King or Queen, is an hierarchical one. India’s Head of the state is a person elected by the people.

(b) Secondly, the power and composition pattern of the Upper House of India are quite different from that of the Upper House of England.

(c) Thirdly, the Parliament of England is most powerful in the Parliamentary democratic system. But India’s parliament is not so powerful.

4. Mention any four merits of democracy.

Ans. The merits of democracy are:

(i) It is a people’s government. It gives scope to all section of people to participate in the administration of the country.

(ii) It is the democratic government which provides all the essential rights required to live a civilised life.

(iii) Democracy provide equal opportunities to all people in the economic sphere. It reduce the possibility of any rebellion in the country.

(iv) Democracy creates an environmental of free thinking and shows tolerance towards different types of ideologies.

5. Mention 6 merits of federal types of government.

Ans. The 6 merits of federal types of government are discuss below:

(a) In the federal types of government every constituent provinces is entittled to the autonomy for self rule apart from the constituent provinces being a part of a huge and powerful state. Therefore the fruit of regional self rule and also the national unity both are achieved in the federal type of government.

(b) The federal types of government is ideal in a big state where people belonging to different religions, caste, communities and linguistic groups live together.

(c) The system of distribution of state power between the central government and the provincial governments relieves the central government from resolving the provincial problems of local nature which can be better looked after by the respective provinces. This also enables the central government to pay more attention to the issues having national significance.

(d) In the federal types of government there is less fear for internal revolution and the central government becoming autocratic because of the system of the distribution of the state power.

(e) The federal types of government is more democratic and two decentralization of the state power between two central government and the provincial government help the people to participate actively in the functional democracy.

6. Mention 5 demerits of the federal type of government.

Ans. The 5 demerits of the federal types of government are as follows:

(a) There is the possibility of conflict between the central government and the provincial government or among the constituent provinces regarding the exercise of power in the federal types of government because of the decentralization of power between the central and the provincial government.

(b) There arises complications in maintaining a balance of power between the central government and the provincial government in the federal system.

(c) The constitution of the federal government is rigid and not flexible for which difficulty arises in amending the necessary provisions of the constitution to keep peace with the changing time and situation as a result progress is hindered.

(d) There is the possibility and fear of conflict between the central and the provincial governments regarding the sharing of power.

(e) There is the possibility of the birth regionalism in the federal form of government which weakness the federal system.

(f) The expenditure is more than the federal form of governments, the expenditure increases in huge proportion as there are several government for which there are more wastages of this public money.

7. Mention 5 merits of the parliamentary form of government.

Ans. The 5 merits of the parliamentary form of government are as follows:

(a) In the parliamentary form of government there is proper understanding good co-operation and cordial relatives between the executive and the legislature. As a result any type of problem can be solved with the help of the laws.

(b) The government cannot act against the interest of the common people as the executive remains responsible and also accountable to the legislature.

(c) In the parliamentary form of government the executive or the council of ministers can not act in a dictatorial manner. If the government or the ruling party in power chooses to act in a dictatorial manner, the legislature can remove the government from power by passing a no confidence motion against it.

(d) The parliamentary government functions by giving due importance. to the public opinion otherwise the government will face several criticism from the opposition party.

(e) This government is flexible type in nature. The process of changing the executive is very easy.

8. Mention 5 demerits of the Parliamentary government.

Ans. The 5 demerits of the parliamentary government are discuss below:

(a) In this type of government if no political party can form a government by obtaining absolute majority, in that case there is the possibility of forming alliance government which may provide to be quite temporary in nature resulting in subsequent political crisis in the governments.

(b) The ministers of the parliamentary governments are generally found to be in experienced in the departmental activities and as such they become highly dependent on the bureaucrats. Therefore the influence of the bureauerat increases in the day to day functioning of the government and it assumes the nature of bureaucratic government.

(c) There is no system of separation of power in the parliamentary form of government and therefore the council of ministers is invested with both the executive and the legislative powers. As a result there is the possibility that the council of ministers may let loose a trannical role.

(d) In this type of government systems the party consideration get significant upper hand. The internal political squabble among the political parties make the politic quite venomous which affects the functioning of the government.

(e) Another demerits of two parliamentary form of government is that the electorate or the voters cannot take any measure against the elected members of the legislature till the next election if they ignore the interest of the people or they act against their interest. As a result the common people are subjected to a lot of suffering in the hands of their elected representatives for long period.

Notes of Class 10 Social Science in English Medium | English Medium Class 10 Social Notes In this post we have tried to explain to you that English Medium Class 10 Social Science Question Answer | SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer In English Chapter 10 If you are a English Medium Teacher or Student then it can be beneficial for you.

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