SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 in English International Organization - The United Nations Organization and Others

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 in English International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others | International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others Class 10 Question Answer | Class 10 Social Science Question Answer in English Chapter 11 As Per New Syllabus to each Chapter is provided in the list of SCERT, NCERT, SEBA Class 10 Social Political Science Part 3 Chapter 11 Question Answer in English/Class 10 Social Chapter 11 Question Answer in English International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others.

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Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others

SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 11 International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others। Social Science Guide for Class 10th Chapter 11 in English | Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social In this post we have tried to explain to you that Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 11 in English. If you are a teacher or Student of English Medium, then this is for you. Notes for Class 10 Social Science In English Medium can be very beneficial। Ncert/Scert Social Class 10 Chapter 11 Please read this carefully. By studying this SEBA Class 10 Social Science Question Answer Chapter 11 carefully, you can get good marks in your upcoming examination.

Chapter 11 International Organization – The United Nations Organization and Others

Part: 3 Political Science

TEXTUAL EXERCISE & ANSWERS

Very Short Answer Questions:

1. Why was the UNO formed?

Ans: UNO was formed to ensure world peace and to stop by maintaining cordial relationship among various countries.

2. Mention two objectives of the UNO.

Ans: (a) To maintain International peace and security.

(b) To establish friendship among all countries of the world on the basis of equal rights and self determination.

3. Write the names of the UNO organs:

Ans: The six organs of the UNO are:

(i) General Assembly, (ii) Security Council, (iii) Economic and Social Council, (iv) Trusteeship Council, (v) International Court of Justice, (vi) Secretariat.

4. Write the names of the two Agencies related to the UNO.

Ans: The two Agencies related to the UNO are:

(i) International Labour Organization (ILO).

(ii) World Health Organization (WHO).

5. Write the names of two Treaties which were signed on Disarmament.

Ans: The two Treaties which were signed on Disarmament are:

(i) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

(ii) START-II.

6. What is meant by Human Rights?

Ans: The Human beings needs some freedom in order to live a civilized life. Therefore there is provision for freedom to the citizens in all the essential aspects in all the modern constitution. These freedom are called the Human Rights.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the aims of the UNO for which it came into existence and also discuss its principles.

Ans: The objectives of UNO:

There are altogether 111 Articles in the UN charter. In its very first Article, four objectives of the UNO have been incorporated.

They are:

(1) The maintain International peace and security.

(2) To establish friendship among all countries of the world on the basis of equal rights and self determination.

(3) To bring about solutions of the existing economic, social and cultural problems and disputed issues on the basis of the international cooperation so that each and every individual person becomes able to enjoy Human Rights and Fundamental Rights.

(4) The perform as a centre of excellence to establish good and cordial relations among various countries to achieve the aforesaid objectives.

The Principles of the UNO:

The Principles of the UNO are as follows:

(a) The UNO would be established on the principle of equal sovereignty of all member countries.

(b) All the member states would have to perform their own duties and responsibilities by obeying the Rules as mentioned in the UN charter.

(c) All the member states of the UNO would have no settle all the disputes peacefully and without affecting international peace, security and justice.

(d) In the interests of maintaining cordinal international relations all members shall refrain from threat or use of force against any state.

(e) The member states would have to extend help and support to the UNO if and when the UN asks for, as in the UN Charter and no member state would extend help or support to the particular state or states that are facing UNO’s punitive action.

2. Write a note on the Security Council of the UNO.

Ans: The Security Council in the most important organ of the UNO. At the time of the UNO’s inception there were five permanent members and six temporary members.

In the year, 1963 the 23rd Article of the UN charter was amended thereby increasing the temporary members to ten from the existing six. The temporary members of the Security Council are elected by the General Assembly.

The permanent member states of the security council are the USA, Great Britain, France, Russia and China.

3. Discuss the steps taken by the UNO on world peace.

Ans: The bold steps taken by the UNO to remove the war like situations among the world nations through disarmament is certainly significant and praiseworthy.

The steps are:

(i) In January, 1952, the UNO had established the disarmament Commission.

(ii) The UNO has accorded many treaties to bring about peace in the world.

Among those important treaties are:

(a) The partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

(b) The Quarter Space Treaty (1969)

(c) The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (1968)

(d) The Seabed Control Treaty (1971)

(e) SALT-I (1972)

(f) SALT-II (1979) etc. are certainly a great intervention for the peace loving people of the world.

(iii) In the long run the Preventive Diplomacy adopted by the UNO in June, 2007 has certainly helped to take initiative in setting disputes through discussion and world peace.

(iv) On the whole, it is the sole duty and responsibility of the member states of the UNO to make the UNO strong, competent and united.

4. Write a note regarding National Human Rights Commission in India.

Ans: In 1966 the UNO adopted a resolution and it sought suggestions from all its member states regarding the formation of Human Rights Commission in the respective state. Again in June 1993 in the Human Rights Commission’s conference held in Vienna, the issue of forming Human Rights Commission in each of the UN member states was reiterated. As a result such Human Rights Commission was formed in the member states to secure human rights in respective states.

On 28 September, 1993 the President of India through an ordinance formed National Human Rights Commission in India. On December 18 in the year a bill was tabled in the parliament in place of the ordiance. On 8 January, 1994 the President gave his consent on the bill and the same became an Act. The same Act is known as the Human Rights Protection Act, 1993 In accordance with this National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions have also been set up in the provinces.

The following members shall be included in the National Human Rights commission:

(i) One member is either a serving or a retired Judge of the Supreme Court.

(ii) Another member is either a serving Chief Justice of any High Court or retired Chief Justice of High Court and

(iii) Two members are from those having knowledge and experience on human rights activities as activist.

In addition the Chairman of the National Minority Commission, the Chairman of the Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes National Commission and the Chairman of the National Women’s Commission shall be the members of the National Human Rights Commission. The President of India ap- points all the members of the Commission for 5 years.

5. Discuss the steps taken by the UNO regarding Human Rights.

Ans: The steps taken by the UNO regarding Human Rights are:

(i) All human beings are born free, as such should have equal right.

(ii) All human beings have knowledge and memory. As such all should be treated equally.

(iii) All human beings must to enjoy all essential rights irrespective of their nationality, religion and colour etc.

(iv) The most essential Rights are-

(a) Right to live, (b) Right to freedom, (c) Right to security of life etc. The citizens must be entitled to enjoy these rights, (v) No one should use others as slave Slavery must end., (vi) The law must ensure safety and security to all people. All people must get safety and security by the laws of their respective countries.

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answer:

1. Which day is observed as the World Human Rights Day?

(a) 24 October.

(b) 27 September.

(d) 10 December.

Ans: (d) 10 December.

2. Total number of Judges in International Court of Justice are-

(a) 9.

(b) 11.

(d) 5.

Ans: (c) 15.

3. The Human Rights Commission of the UNO was established in the year-

(a) 1945.

(b) 1946.

(d) 1993.

Ans: (b) 1946.

4. The Security Council is-

(a) An important organ of the International Monetary Fund.

(b) An important organ of the United Nations Organisation.

(d) An important organ of the International Court of Justice.

Ans: (c) An important organ of the World Trade Organisation.

5. The United Nations Day is observed on-

(a) 14th November.

(b) 2nd October.

(d) 10th December.

Ans: (c) 24th October.

6. The total membership of the Economic and Social Council is-

(a) 54.

(b) 15.

(d) 18.

Ans: (a) 54.

7. League of Nations was formed in-

(a) 1819 AD.

(b) 1945 AD.

(d) 1920 AD.

Ans: (d) 1920 AD.

8. The number of clauses of the covenant of the League of Nations is-

(a) 21.

(b) 26.

(d) 29.

Ans: (b) 26.

Very Short Questions-Answers:

1. Which year the first world war was started?

Ans: In 1914.

2. Which year the Second World War was started?

Ans: In 1939.

3. When was the League of Nations formed?

Ans: In 1914.

4. When was the United Nations Organisation formed?

Ans: On 24th October, 1945.

5. How many states put their signature on the UN charter?

Ans: Altogether 51 states put their signature to the UN charter.

6. Name the conference where the 51 states put their signature on the UN charter.

Ans: San Francisco conference.

7. When do the world people observe the day of birth of the UNO?

Ans: 24 October.

8. How many member states there at present of the UNO?

Ans: There are 193 member states at present of the UNO.

9. Where is the Head office of the UNO?

Ans: The Head office of the UNO at New York.

10. How many articles are there in the UN charter.

Ans: There are altogether 11 articles in the UN charter.

11. Which is the biggest organ of the UNO?

Ans: The General Assembly.

12. How many permanent members of the Security Council are there?

Ans: There are 5 permanent member of the security council.

13. Which is the most important oragan of the UNO?

Ans: The security council is the most important organ of the UNO.

14. How many temporary members of the security council?

Ans: There are 6 temporary members of the security council.

15. Who elected by the temporary members of the security council?

Ans: The temporary members of the security council are elected by the General Assembly.

16. What right has been vested to the five permanent members of the security council?

Ans: Veto power.

17. How many members of the Economic and Social Council at the time of inception on of the UNO?

Ans: At the time of the inception of the UNO, the total number of members of the Economic and Social Council was 18.

18. Which organ was formed in accordance with the Article 55 of the UN charter?

Ans: The Economic and Social Council.

19. Write duties of the Economic and Social Council?

Ans: The duties of this councils are in relation to all international economical, social, cultural, educational, health and other related problems.

20. Which organ was formed in accordance with the Article 76 of the UN charter?

Ans: Trusteeship Council.

21. Who is the present UN secretary General?

Ans: Ban-Ki-Moon.

22. Which is the judicial organ of the UNO?

Ans: International Court of Justice.

23. With how many Judges was International Court of Justice formed?

Ans: 15 Judges.

24. Which is the main functions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

Ans: The main functions of the ICJ is to settle the cases fields by the affected member states of the UNO

25. Which organ is like the heart of the UNO?

Ans: The Secretariat.

26. What is the tenure of the Secretary General?

Ans: 5 years.

27. Who was the first sectary General of the UNO?

Ans: Trychaldan Lee of Norway.

28. From, where has the present UN Secretary General been serving his office?

Ans: South Korea. He has been serving as the Secretary General since 1st January, 2007.

29. What was established by the UNO in January 1952?

Ans: Disarmament Commission.

30. What was established by the UNO in June 2007?

Ans: Preventive Diplomacy.

31. When was the Human Rights Commission of the UNO set up?

Ans: 16 February, 1946.

32. Why was the Human Rights Commission formed?

Ans: This permanent organization came into being in order to secure the rights of the world people.

33. How many members at the inceptions of the Human Rights Commission?

Ans: 18 members.

34. For how many years, the members of the Human Rights Commis- sion are elected?

Ans: Three years.

35. How many members states of secure the Human Rights Declaration?

Ans: 48 member states.

36. When did the General Assembly of the UNO adopted the Human Rights Declaration?

Ans: 10 December, 1948.

37. When was the National Human Rights Commission of India formed?

Ans: 28 September, 1993.

38. Who should be the chairman of the National Human Rights Commission?

Ans: Retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

39. When did National Human Rights become an Act?

Ans: On 8 January, 1994.

40. How many times the session of the general Assembly is held in a year?

Ans: Once in a year.

Short Questions and Answers:

1. Why was the League of Nations formed?

Ans: After the World War-1 (1914) the League of Nations was formed to ensure world peace and to stop wars in future.

2. Why was the UNO formed?

Ans: The magnitude of the devastation brought by the second world war made the world population so scared that they re-started thinking about the formation of another world organization. These organization namely the United Nations organization was formed on 24 October, 1945.

3. Why the world people observe the day of birth of the UNO?

Ans: The United Nations Organization was formed on 24 October, 1945. Altogether 51 states put their signature of the UNO Charter in the San Francisco conference and thus the UNO came into being. Since the birth, it has been doing its best to save the world people from the danger of another world war. The world people observe the day of birth of the UNO, i.e. the 24 October as the UN Day all over the world.

4. Name the permanent member states of the Security Council?

Ans: The permanent member states of the security council are:

(i) The USA.

(ii) Great Britain.

(iii) France.

(iv) Russia.

(v) China.

5. What was the number of members raised of Economic and Social Council?

Ans: In 1965 its members were increased to 27 and finally the number of its members was raised to 54 in 1973.

6. How many member country’s consent is necessary to any important matter in the security council of UNO?

Ans: All together minimum nine members including five permanent members of the security council consent is necessary.

7. Why was the Trusteeship Council formed?

Ans: The Trusteeship council was formed to make the people of the countries under its jurisdiction for the attainment of freedom by making progress in economical, political, social and educational field.

8. How many types of members consists of the trusteeship council?

Ans: The trusteeship council consists of three types of members namely:

(i) The countries falling within the jurisdiction of the Trust.

(ii) The permanent members of the Security Council who are not entrusted with the responsibility of the countries under the Trust.

(iii) The members who are elected by the General Assembly for three years.

9. How the Secretariat appointed?

How is the Secretary General of the UNO appointed?

Ans: According to Article 97 of the UN charter, the General Assembly appoints the Secretary General with the recommendation of the Security Council.

10. Where did the Human Rights Declaration formed?

Ans: The General Assembly of the UNO adopted the Human Rights Declaration on 10 December, 1948 with the support of the 48 member states to secure the Human Rights that are essential for each individual to live a dignified human life.

11. Name the objects of the Human Rights Declaration of the UNO?

Ans: The main two objects of the Human Rights Declaration of the UNO are:

(i) Firstly, the rights of the people of the world have been incorporated in this declaration.

(ii) Secondly, the member states have given recognition to these rights which have been mentioned in the Declaration.

12. What is Human Rights Protection Act. 1993.

Ans: On 18 December 1993 a bill was tabled in the parliament in place of the ordinance. On 8 January, 1994 the president gave his consent on the Bill and the same became an Act. The same Act is known as the Human Rights Protection Act, 1993.

13. Who are the members of National Human Rights Commission in India?

Ans: The members of National Human Rights Commission in India are:

(i) One member is either a serving or a retired Judge of the Supreme Court

(ii) Another member is either a serving Chief Justice of any High Court or retired Chief Justice of High Court.

(iii) Two members are from those having knowledge and experience on human rights activities as activist.

14. Name any two members who are having veto power.

Ans: USA and England.

15. Where is the Headquarters of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

Ans: Nepal, Kathmandu.

16. What are the six special agencies of the United Nations Organisation?

Ans: The six special agencies of the United Nations Organisation are:

(i) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

(ii) The World Health Organisation (WHO)

(iii) The International Labour Organisation (ILO)

(iv) The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)

(v) United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

(vi) The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

17. State two main powers of the National Human Rights Commission.

Ans: The two main powers of the National Human Rights Commission are:

(i) The NHRC can take up the applications for hearing the cases involving the persons violates human rights.

(ii) The NHRC can interfere in the cases pending in any court against human rights violation with the consent of that court.

18. What is the main function of international Court of Justice?

Ans: The main function of International Court of Justice is to settle all international disputes through international law and justice.

19. Why and when is the UN Day observed?

Ans: The UN charter came into effect on 24 October 1945. So every year 24 October is celebrated as the UN Day.

20. Fill in the blanks-

(a) A total of 51 countries signed the Charter of the United nations at the_____ conference.

Ans: San Francisco.

(b) One purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and_______.

Ans: security.

(c) The United Nations shall be establish on the basis of the principle of equal______ of all members states.

Ans: Sovereignty.

(d) In 1963, article 23 of the United Nations charter increased the number of members of the security council to______.

Ans: 10.

(e) There are______ articles in the Charter of united nations.

Ans: 111.

Long Questions and Answers:

1. Name the other Agencies of the UNO?

Ans: The other Agencies of the UNO are:

(i) International Labour Organisation (ILO).

(ii) World Health Organisation (WHO).

(iii) Development Planning Agency of the UNO (UNDP).

(iv) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC).

(v) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).

(vi) United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

(vii) International Monetary Fund (IMF).

(vii) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAC).

2. Write the names of the Treaties which were signed on Disarmament.

“The UNO has accorded many treaties to bring about peace in the world.” Name those treaties.

Ans: Among these, important treaties are as follows:

(i) The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963.

(ii) The Outer Space Treaty, 1967.

(iii) The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, 1968

(iv) The Seabed Control Treaty, 1971

(v) SALT-I, 1972

(vi) SALT-II, 1979

(vii) Nuclear, Arms Control Treaty, 1993

(viii) The START-I, 1991 (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)

(ix) START-II, 1993

(x) CTBT, 1996 (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) etc.

3. Discuss briefly the Human Rights Declaration of the UNO? Write the aim and objectives of this Declaration.

Ans: The UNO which was formed to increase cooperation among its member states and to ensure a peaceful environment in the world, has also emphasized the aspect of Human Rights The General Assembly of the UNO adopted the Human Rights declaration on 10 December, 1948 with the sup- port of the 48 member states to secure the Human Rights that are essential for each individual to live a dignified human life That is the reason why the day 10th December is being celebrated the World Human Rights Day all over the world every year.

The Human Rights Declaration which consists a Preamble and 30 Articles has mainly served two objectives.

These are discuss below:

(i) Firstly, the rights of the people of the world have been incorporates in this Declaration.

(ii) Secondly, the member states have given recognition to these rights which have been mentioned in the Declaration.

The human rights mentioned in the Declaration have brought certain limitations to the powers and functions of the member states of the UNO. Because on principle, no state can ignore these rights. The UNO has made it clear in respect of human rights through the Human Rights Declaration that by depriving the citizens of the country of their rights, it is not possible to secure international peace and security. It is encouraging and praiseworthy that the UNO has taken positive steps for the world citizens to live a dignified human live.

Although the Human Rights Declaration is not a Treaty and the member states of the UNO are not bound, nevertheless this Declaration with the good will of the member states of the UNO has helped the world people to make all round development of their personality.

4. Which are apart from the UNO, other important international organizations and Head Quarters?

Ans: Apart from the UNO, other important International Organizations are:

International organisations	Head Quarters
Commonwealth of Nations	London
Amnesty International (AI)	London
tic Treaty Organization (NATO)	Brussels
International Renewable Energy	UAE
Asia Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC)	Singapore
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)	Jakarta
International Cricket Council (ICC)	Dubai
International Federation of Football Association (FIFA)	Zurich
World Economic Forum (WEF)	Geneva
International Hockey Federation	Lausanne, Switzerland
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)	Kathmandu, Nepal

5. Write the full form of CTET, PNTBT, NNT, NACT, START, NATO, ASEAN, AI, IREA, APEC, ICC, FIFA, WEF, IHF, SAARC, SALT, ILO, WHO, UNDP, UNHRC, UNICEF, UNESCO, IMF, FAO.

Ans:

CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

PNTBT : Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

NNT : Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty

NACT : Nuclear Arms Control Treaty

START : Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

ASEAN : Association of South-East Asian Nations

AI : Amnesty International

IREA : International Renewable Energy Agency

APEC : Asia Pacific Economic Corporation

ICC : International Cricket Council

FIFA : International Federation of Football Association.

WEF : World Economic Forum

IHF : International Hockey Federation

SAARC : South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation

SALT : Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

ILO : International Labour Organisation

WHO : World Health Organisation

UNDP : United Nations Development Programme

UNHRC : United Nations Human Rights Commission

UNICEF : United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

UNESCO : United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

IMF : International Monetary Fund

FAQ : Food and Agricultural Organisation.

6. What are the power and functions of the National Human Right Commission of India?

Ans: The power and function of the National Human Rights Commission of India are discuss below:

(i) The NHRC shall take up the applications for bearing the cases involving the persons if (a) any person violates human rights or incites other such human rights violation or (b) if any government official ignores to check human rights violation cases of any person. The Commission will accept such applications either from the victims or from those who apply on behalf of the victims.

(ii) The NHRC can interfere in the cases pending in any court against human rights violation with the consent of that court.

(iii) The NHRC can put forward advice and suggestions regarding human rights preservation enshrined in the Constitution if necessity arises.

(iv) The NHRC can take stock of the condition of the inmates of the prisons under the control of the state government. It can put forward advice and suggestions accordingly if any changes and reforms are to be carried out.

(v) The NHRC can take up the cases for discussion about the steps taken against terrorism.

(vi) The NHRC can scrutinize and review the international treaties in- volving human rights.

(vii) The HNRC can inspire the NGO’s engaged in the working for the preservation of human rights.

7. Discuss the structure and functions of the General Assembly of the UN.

Ans: The General Assembly has several powers and functions It can discuss on all issues and matters and can put forward suggestions in all aspects incorporated in the UN charter Moreover it can draw the attention of the Security Council in certain aspects. However it cannot give advice to the Security Council. The UN can put forward its advice in the issues whereby friendship may be endangered among the countries of the world. Any issue which may curb international peace and security may be included in the agenda of the Security Council for discussion.

The General Assembly can formulate certain principles in order to achieve the aims and objectives of UN. Moreover it can determine principles to reduce arms and to increase cooperation among the member states. It can also direct the member states regarding human rights related issues.

The General Assembly can take up the constructive role for the solution of the political problems of the various countries of the world. If necessity arises the General Assembly can discuss the issues and inform the Security Council.

The General Assembly can inspect the functioning of the other organs of the UN. The other organs of the UN are required to submit the annual report to the General Assembly Similarly the Secretary General, too, is required to submit the annual report to the General Assembly. The General Assembly needs to accept the budget of the UN. If the budget is not accepted by the General Assembly it cannot be executed. The General Assembly together with Security Council elects the Secretary General and the Judges of the International court of Justice. Moreover, the general Assembly elects the members of the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council at its own initiative.

The General Assembly is being given the power to amend the charter of the UN. In order to amend the UN Charter it needs to be passed by two third majority in addition to the approval of all the members of the Security Council.

8. How can the objectives of world peace be made more popular?

Ans: The concept of world peace is relatively very new. It cannot be said in a sentence as to when this concept actually evolved. Different religious heads have opined that human welfare can be achieved through peace. The religious leaders and social reformers belonging to various countries have been preaching about the unique role of peace in social reforms for a violence free society. India is leading country in this regard as various religious people lives in India. To achieve peace and human welfare Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa etc. has shown the real path of peace and harmony.

Besides a numbers of organisations like League of Nations UNO, SAARC. NAM, Commonwealth of Nations etc. have contributed a lot in maintaining world peace. India is the member of all these organisations. These organisations have made the way of world peace easy by creating a congenial of atmosphere and peaceful coexistence among the member countries.

Presently terrorism and separations have become great challenges to the mankind in the world. So in order to roof out these challenges and to main- tain peace, we should devoid of all kinds of violence and terrosism. The entire world must come forward to form such security unitedly with mutual cooperation and interdependence. The heads of the states should remain so that countries sovereignty is not at stake.

9. Discuss the powers and functions of the International Court of Justice.

Ans: The powers and functions of the International Court of Justice are as follow:

(i) The International Court of Justice settle the disputes of the members states of the UN. It is not concerned with individuals like the statutory courts.

(ii) The disputing states may approach this court of justice for the settlement of dispute with other states. However this Court cannot take up such cases without the consent of the president of the respective states.

(iii) This Court of Justice puts forward explanation regarding any international law and treaty.

(iv) The General Assembly as well as other organs of the UN may seek advice from this Court as and when necessity arises.

10. Discuss briefly the special Agencies of the UN.

Ans: Besides the main organs of the UN there are some other special agencies by which many functions are being performed in various aspects Among such special agencies the following are significant-

(i) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): Its headquarters are in Paris. The member states of the UN are its members. Besides any state outside the UN many also become its members. Its functions are to find out solutions of the educational, scientific and cultural problems at the international level.

(ii) The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): This fund was constituted for the welfare of the children belonging to the war ravaged countries initially. Letter on the fund is being used for the development of the children across the world. Its head quarters are at New York.

(iii) The World Health Organizations (WHO): All the member states of the UN are its members. An administrative council is formed by eighteen members from amongst its members. Its main objective is to root out diseases and to develop general health of the people worldwide.

(iv) The International Labour Organization (ILO): This organization was established at the time of the League of Nations. Later on the UN too included (retained) this organization. Its main objective is to safeguard the interests of the labour community. Its headquarter is at Jeneva (Switzerland).

(v) The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO): The General Assembly selects twenty four members for its administration. Its headquarters are in Rome. Its main objectives are to develop the livelihood, food stuff etc.

(vi) The International Monetary Fund (IMF): Its main objectives are to increase the economic cooperation among different countries of the world. All the member states of the UN are to contribute money to make this fund strong.

11. Discuss the powers and Functions of the Secretary General.

Ans: The Secretary General is the chief administrative officer of the Sec-retariat. He is entrusted with a lot of powers.

Among these the important powers are:

(i) The Secretary General requires to be present in the sittings of the main organs of the UN and he is to perform the functions enterusted to him in these sittings.

(ii) He has to coordinate among all the organs of the UN. Moreover he has to observe the functions of the special agenices under the UN.

(iii) The annual budget of the UN is prepared under the guidance of the Secratary General.

(iv) He has to fix the venue and time of the sessions of the UN. Even the agenda as to what issues would be take up for discussion in such sittings, is to be prepared by him.

(v) He has to introduce the annual reports of the UN and its organs in the session of the General Assembly after duly preparing such reports.

(vi) He has to appoint the assistant secrataries and other officials.

(vii) He has to function as the incharge of the international treaties.

12. Discuss the power and functions of the Economics and Social Council.

Ans: The power and functions of the economic and social council are as follows:

(i) To solve all types of economic, social and health related international problems.

(ii) To work for international cooperation in the cultural and academic aspect.

(iii) To promote human rights and fundamental rights for all people.

(iv) To develop the standard of living, to solve unemployment problem and to promote social and economic development.

(v) To form international commission to achieve aggregate development of different regions. The Economic and Social Council performs its various functions with the approval of the General Assembly.

13. Mention the powers and functions of the Trusteeship Council.

Ans: The powers and functions of the Trusteeship Council are:

(i) To maintain international peace and security.

(ii) To develop the backward (under developed) countries.

(iii) To draw the attention towards human rights.

(iv) To ensure equal treatment and justice to all small and big member states of the UN.

(v) To accept and consider the report regarding the progress of governance of the countries which are under charge of the Trusteeship Council.

14. Discuss briefly the powers and functions of the security council.

Ans: The Security Council possesses many powers and functions. Its first and primary functions is to maintain international peace and security intact. The Secretary General or the General Assembly can draw the attention of the Security Council regarding any war or conflict which may endanger the peace and security of the world. On the other hand if any countries gets in dispute with other country, such country can also approach the security, Council. In such cases the Security Council can advise the effected states to sort out their disputes through discussion or to take the help of some other country as mediator. If such disputes is related to some legal aspects then the disputed states are directed to approach the International court of Justice.

If any disputed state does not want to settle their disputes through peaceful means and such disputes many endanger world peace, the Security Council may adopt two steps First, the Security Council may appeal all other member states of the UN to cut economic and political relations with the disputing states. If even after adopting such a measure, the disputing states do not want to settle their disputes peacefully, the Security Council shall have to adopt the second step viz. the military step. In case of the second step, the other members states are required to help the Security Council by supplying arms and soldiers.

Appointment of the Secretary General and the Judges of the International Court of Justice are some other functions of the Security Council. However, the General Assembly is required to approve such appointments. Moreover, approval of the Security Council is essential to admit new member of the UN and to expel an existing member from the UN in times of necessity. Hence it is clear that the Security Council is the most powerful organ of the UN.

15. Write short Notes:

(a) The Security Council.

Ans: The Security Council: The Security Council is like the executive of the UN. It is formed by two types of members-permanent and temporary Five permanent member states are the USA, the UK, Russia, France and China. Besides the five permanent members, there are ten temporary member states elected for two years. After the expiry of two years, the temporary members cannot get elected again.

Each of the member states can send only one member of the Security Council. Each member sate has only one vote. For any decision taken by the Security Council the consent of all the five permanent members in indispens- able. The disagreement by even one member state results in the cancellation of any decision to be taken by the Security Council. Such power of the five permanent members of the Security Council is called the power of Veto.

(b) Economic and Social Council.

Ans: Economic and Social Council: The Economic and Social Council of the UN has been formed for the economic and social development of different regions of the world. It is the third principal organ of the UN. In its inception its members were 18 only but its members have been increased to 27 after its amendment in the year 1965. Although there is no provision of permanent members in the council, yet all the permanent members of the Security Council get elected as its members. One third members of the Eco- nomic and Social Council are to retire every year, and so one third members are elected every year again.

(c) International Court of Justice.

Ans: International Court of Justice: International Court of Justice is the court of justice of the UN. Its main functions are- to settle all international disputes through international law and justice.

There are fifteen judges in this court, these judges are selected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Only one judge from one country can be elected. The judges are elected for nine years. They select one president from amongst them. The tenure of the president is for three years. A rule was framed at the time of establishing this court that one third of the judges would retire after every three years. Therefore, after every three years one third of judges are appointed by holding new elections.

(d) The Secretariat.

Ans: The Secretariat: The Secretariat is an important organ of the UN. Its headquarters are at New York of USA. It supervises the administrative system of the UN. It also extends cooperation in the functioning of the other organs of the UN. There is one Secretary General and eight Assistant Secretaries one each for the eight department under it including some other functionaries.

The General Assembly appoints the Secretary General by the nomination of the Security Council. On the other hand, the Secretary General appoints the remaining Assistant Secretaries and other officers and employees of the Secretariat. There is no mention about the tenure (term) of the Secretary General in the charter of the UN. There are 24 high level officials to help the Secretary General.

(e) Trusteeship Council.

Ans: Trusteeship Council: This council supervises the international trusteeship system. It is also an important organ of the UN. The countries which supported and fought for Germany in the first World War had some colonies. Such colonies were termed as ‘mandate states’. The victorious countries were assigned to administer the mandate state. The mandate states were handed over to the Trusteeship Council after the end of the Second World War. The UN handed over the administration of some other underdeveloped countries to the Trusteeship Council besides the mandate states.

The Trusteeship council is formed with the permanent members of the Security Council and the states which have been entrusted to govern the colonies belong to the Trusteeship Council. Moreover, a few states are se- lected by the General Assembly as the members of the Council. Each member state possesses one vote each and every year atleast two sittings should be held. If necessity arises, the Trusteeship Council may take the help of the Economic and Social Council. Generally the Trusteeship Council functions with the approval of the General Assembly. In certain cases the advice and approval of the Security Council, too, are necessary.

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