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Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Primary Activities
Class 12 Geography Unit 5 Primary Activities Question Answer | Guide for Class 12th Geography Chapter 5 English Medium Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT,AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 5.
Unit 5 Primary Activities
(PART – A)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS & ANSWER: (MARKS – 1)
Choose the right answer from the following alternatives given below:
1. Which one of the following is not a plantation crop?
(a) Rubber
(b) Coffee
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Rice
Ans: (d) Rice.
2. In which of the following country cooperative farming was successfully done?
(a) India
(b) The Netherlands
(c) Denmark
(d) Russia
Ans: (b) The Netherlands.
3. Growing of flowers is called
(a) Truck farming
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Plantation farming
(d) Floriculture
Ans: (d) Floriculture.
4. Which one of the following types of cultivation was developed by the European colonists?
(a) Shifting agriculture
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Viticulture
(d) Plantation
Ans: (d) Plantation.
5. In which one of the following regions the extensive commercial cultivation is not practiced?
(a) Prairies of America
(b) Pampas of Argentina
(c) Steppes of Europe
(d) Amazon basin
Ans: (d) Amazon basin.
6. Which one of the following term is alternatively used for shifting cultivation?
(a) Commercial livestock rearing
(b) Primary subsistence agriculture
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Cooperative farming
Ans: (b) Primary subsistence agriculture.
7. Which one of the following is not a monoculture?
(a) Plantation farming
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Commercial grain farming
(d) Dairy farming
Ans: (b) Mixed farming.
8. Which one of the following method of farming/cultivation practiced in the hill areas of Northeast India?
(a) Truck farming
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Commercial grain farming
(d) Shifting agriculture
Ans: (d) Shifting agriculture.
B. VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER: (1 – MARKS)
1. What are economic activities?
Ans: Human activities which generate income are called economic activities.
2. What are primary activities?
Ans: Which activities are directly dependent on environment are called primary activities.
2. At what level is animal rearing practised?
Ans: Animal rearing is practised either at the subsistence or at commercial level.
3. What is Pastoralism?
Ans: Pastoralism is an economy that solely depends upon animal Depending on the geographical factors and technological development pastoralism or animal rearing today is practised at different levels.
4. Give the names of two types of mining.
Ans: Surface mining and underground mining.
5. Name two primary activities.
Ans: Hunting and animal rearing.
6. What is Red Collar Worker?
Ans: People engaged in primary activities are called Red collar worker due to the outdoor nature of their work.
6. What is subsistence Agriculture?
Ans: Which agriculture mainly practiced for farmer’s self sufficiency called subsistence agriculture.
7. What do you mean by Collective Farming?
Ans: Collective farming is based on social ownership of the mean of production and collective labour.
8. What is Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation?
Ans: Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation is practised in extended area for commercial purpose.
C. SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER: (MARKS – 3)
(Answer the following questions in about 100 words)
1. Give the reasons why market gardening is practiced ne urban areas.
Ans: Market gardening is practiced mainly for urban areas. These types of gardening have need very good transportation links with the urban centre where high income group of consumers is located The product of gardening is very costly. Because it is labour and capital intensive and lays emphasis on the use of irrigation, Heavy seed, fertilizers, insecticides, greenhouse and artificial heating in older region. These facilities are easily available near urban areas only. So market gardening is practiced near urban areas.
2. State the characteristics of the pastoral nomadism.
Ans: The characteristics of the pastoral nomadism:
(i) This is a primitive subsistence activity. At some stage in history, with the realisation that hunting is an unsustainable activity, man beings might have thought of domestication of animals.
(ii) In this type of activity. peoples move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount and quality of postures and water.
(iii) The herders migrate from plan area to pastures on mountain during summers and ágain from mountain to plain during winter. This process is called transhumance.
3. State the characteristics of Tertiary activities?
Ans: The characteristics of tertiary activities are:
(i) Tertiary activities are related to service sector which are special skills provided in exchange of payment or salary.
(ii) Health, Education, law, governance and etc. are example of tertiary activities.
(iii) In a developed economy or in the developed countries, larger proportion of peoples get employment in tertiary activities.
4. Why has hunting been banned in India?
Ans: In the primitive societies, the hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows. So the number of animals killed was limited. The number of hunters were also less. But today with the help of modern technology, man can hunt a large number of animals within a short time.
Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting of India. So to preserve or protect animals from hunters, the Government of India boomed animal hunting in India. There some Acts against animal hunting in India.
5. What are the important characteristics features of plantation agriculture?
Ans: The important characteristics features of plantation agriculture are as follows:
(i) The plantation agriculture is was introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics.
(ii) The plantation agriculture in needed highly investment of capital scientific method and technological support, cheap labour, single crop specialisation, irrigation facilities, etc.
(iii) This type of farming also needed a good system of transportation as links the estates to the factories and markets for the export of the product.
6. Explain hunting and gathering as primary activity.
Ans: The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance.
They subsisted on:
(a) animals which they hunted
(b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity.
Primitive societies depended on wild animals i.e. they survived on hunting. At that time they used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows. This type of activity were generally found in very cold and extremely hot climate areas.
Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitives societies who extract, both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. It requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology.
Gathering is practised in:
(a) High latitude zone which include northern Canada northern Eurasia and Southern Chile.
(b) Low latitude zone such as the Amazon Basin, tropical Africa, Northern fringe of Australia and the interior parts of South East Asia.
7. Explain major features of cooperative farming.
Ans: The major features of cooperative farming are:
(i) A group of farmers form a co-operative society by pooling in their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming system. This is called co-operative farming.
(ii) Co-operative society help farmers in all aspects to procure all important inputs of farming.
(iii) The society help farmers to sell the finish product at the most favourable terms and help in processing of quality product at cheaper rates.
(iv) This type, farming is famous in western countries like Denmark, Netherland, Belgium, Sweden etc.
8. What are the characteristics of Commercial Livestock Rearing?
Ans: The main characteristics of commercial Livestock Rearing are:
(i) In this type of rearing only one type of animal is reared. Sheep. cattle, goats and horses are important animals reared here.
(ii) the commercial livestock rearing is very organised an capital intensive activity. Rearing of animals in ranching is organized a scientific basis. The main emphasis is on breeding, genetic improvement, disease controlled and health care of the animals.
(iii) The rearing ranches cover a large areas and are divided into a member of parcels. They are fenced to regulate the grazing. When the Grass of one pared is grazed, animals are moved to another pared. The number of animals in a pasture is kept according to the carrying capacity of the pasture.
9. What are the characteristics of different types of mining?
Ans: According to the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore mining are two types – surface mining and underground mining.
The characteristics of surface mining are:
(i) When the arc is occur close to the surface, then the surface mining method is used.
(ii) The surface mining is known as open east mining also. This is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining overhead costs and equipment is relatively low in this method.
(iii) The output of this method is both rapid and large.
The characteristics of underground mining are:
(i) When the ore lies deep below the surface the underground mining method has to be used.
(ii) The underground method is very risky and costly. It requires specially designed lifts, drills, haulage vehicles, ventilation system, etc.
(iii) In the underground method vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground gallerias radiate to reach the minerals. Minerals are extracted and transported to the surface through these passages.
10. State the characteristics of Quaternary Activities.
Ans: Among various activities of human beings one of the most significant activity is quaternary activities.
The characteristics of these activities are:
(i) Quaternary activities involves the collection, production and dissemination of information or even the production of information
(ii) These activities centre around research, development and may be seen as an advanced form of services involving specialized knowledge and technical skills.
(iii) This sector evolve in well developed countries and requires a highly educated workforce. In the quanestenary sector, companies invest to ensure further expansion. Research will be directed into cutting costs, tapping into market, producing innovative ideas, new production etc.
(iv) Now a day’s entertainment activities are also, included in quaquaniestenary activities.
11. Give main features of Commercial Livestock Rearing.
Ans: The main characteristics of commercial Livestock Rearing are:
(i) In this type of rearing only one type of animal is reared. Sheep. cattle, goats and horses are important animals reared here.
(ii) the commercial livestock rearing is very organised an capital intensive activity. Rearing of animals in ranching is organized a scientific basis. The main emphasis is on breeding, genetic improvement, disease controlled and health care of the animals.
(iii) The rearing ranches cover a large areas and are divided into a member of parcels. They are fenced to regulate the grazing. When the Grass of one pared is grazed, animals are moved to another pared. The number of animals in a pasture is kept according to the carrying capacity of the pasture.
12. Give the major features of Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation?
Ans: The major features of extensive commercial grain cultivation are:
(i) In extensive commercial grain cultivation the cultivated land is very extensive and it is farming mainly for commercial purpose.
(ii) As the size of the form is very large, the entire operation of cultivation from ploughing to harvesting are mechanized.
(iii) Though wheat is the principle crop of this farming, other craps like karlay, oats, corn are also ground.
(iv) Extensive commercial grain cultivation in practised in the interior part of semi arid lands of the mid latitude region like in Eurasian steppes the Canadian and American prairies, the pampas of Argentina. Etc.
D. LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS: (MARKS – 5) 100 WORDS
1. Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.
Ans: Nomadic Herding:
(i) Nomadic Herding or pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing shelter. tools and transport.
(ii) They move from one place to another alongwith their livestock depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water.
(iii) Each nomadic community occupies a well identified territory as a matter of tradition.
(iv) A wide variety of animals is kept in different regions such as- Cattle-in tropical Africa
Sheep, Goat, Camel – in Sahara and Asiatic deserts.
Yak and Ilama – Tibet and Andes
Reindeer – Arctic and sub Arctic areas.
(v) Animal products are used for domestic purposes.
(vi) They made seasonal movement or migration.
Commercial Livestock Rearing:
(i) Unlike nomadic herding commercial livestock rearing is more organised and capital intensive. It is essentially associated with western cultures and is practised on permanent ranches.
(ii) When the grass of one parcel is grazed, animals are moved to another parcel.
(iii) The ranches cover large areas and are divided into a number of parcels which are fenced to regulate the grazing.
(iv) Commercial livestock rearing is a specialised activity in which only one type of animal is reared. Important animals include sheep, cattle, goats and horses.
(v) Animals products are used for commercial purposes.
(vi) They do not made seasonal movement or migration.
2. Give the main features of the Intensive subsistence Agriculture.
Ans: The main features of the Intensive subsistence agriculture are:
(i) Intensive subsistence agriculture is largely found in the monsoonal region of Asia where the population is dense.
(ii) Intensive subsistence agriculture is mainly two types – intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation and intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by other crops
(iii) Land holding are very small, use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operation are done by manual labour in this type of cultivation. The per productivity is law, though the yield per unit area is high. Because the population density of these regions are very high
(iv) Rice is main crop of dominant by wet paddy cultivation. But in some areas wheat, soyabean, barley and sorghum are ground.
3. Distinguish between shifting cultivation and sedentary Cultivation.
Ans: Distinction between shifting cultivation and sedentary Cultivation are:
(i) Shifting cultivation is when the farmers move one place to another after 2-3 years. It is a temporary practice of cultivation. But the sedentary cultivation is when a farm is based in the same location all the time. So it is called permanent cultivation also.
(ii) In sedentary cultivation the farmer ploughing the land systematically with the help of machines and animals. But in shifting cultivation the farmer are used sharp and pointed wooden or iron sticks to die hale and seeds are planted.
(iii) In shifting type of agriculture, there is no private ownership of land. Land belongs to a community a village or a tribes, But sedentary farmers are owner of their land own self.
(iv) The production is law because of infertile soil due to beading, poor seeds, absence of manures old and outdated implements, The production is consumed locally by the village leaving no surface at all.
The production is comparatively very high than shifting cultivation of sedentary cultivation. Sedentary agriculture is practiced for livelihood as well as commercial purpose. The farmers sell the surplus.
4. Discuss the main features of Mixed Farming.
Ans: The main feature of mined farming are:
(i) Cereals, root crops, hay and meat animals form the basis of economy of mixed farming.
(ii) It is characterized by high capital expenditure, on form, machinery and building, intensive use of chemical fertilizers and green manners and also by the skill and expertise of the farmers.
(iii) Due to crop rotation, seed selection and application of heavy fertilizers, the yields are high.
(lv) This type of farming is found in the highly developed parts of the world, eg. North-western Europe, Eastern North America Parts of Eurasia and temperate latitudes of Southern continents.
E. LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS (MARKS – 5)
(Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words).
1. Discuss the salient features of primary, secondary and tertiary activities of humans with suitable examples.
Ans: Primary activities: Primary activities are those activities which directly dependent to nature or environment. Primary activities include such as hunting of animals, gathering of plant product such as fruits and nuts, fishing, harvesting of crops and trees. Due to outdoor nature of their work, the people engaged in these activities are often called red-collar workers.
Secondary activities: Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products. These activities include processing and increasing the utility of the products of the primary activities for example, cotton in the boll has limited use, but after it is transformed into yarn. Becomes more valuable an can be used for making cloths. So production of textiles by processing fibers abstain from animals or plant and production of steel goods by processing iron ore include in secondary activities workers engaged in the activities of secondary production are often called blue collar workers.
Tertiary activities: Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. These activities concerned with providing services rather than production of tangible goods. All types of services are special skill preceded exchange of payment, Health, education, law governed and recreation, etc. requires provisional skills. It also require other theoretical and practical knowledge. These activities include a range of personal and business services and they involve a rapidly growing number of workers in highly developed and diversified areas. Topiary activities involve the commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods. People engaged in tertiary activities are called pink color workers.
2. What do you mean by transhumance? State four characteristics of pastoral nomadism.
Ans: In nomadic herding the herders move from one place to another in search of the food of their livestock their movement in search of partures. is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures an mountains during summers and again from mountain to plain during winters in known as transhumance.
There are some characteristic of pastoral nomadism are:
(i) Pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity. The herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport.
(ii) Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions. The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian peninsular into Mongolia and Central china. The second region extends over the tundra region of Eurasia. In the leathern hemisphere there are small areas in South-west Africa and on the island of Manages car.
(iii) Pastoral nomadism follow transhumance. That means the herders migrate from plain to pastures on mountain during summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters in search at pastures for livestock.
(iv) Now a days due to imposition of political boundaries and new settlement plains by different countries, the number of pastor nomads has been decreasing.
3. What are the important distinguishing features of shifting cultivation and sedentary cultivation?
Ans: The major features of cooperative farming are:
(i) A group of farmers form a co-operative society by pooling in their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming system. This is called co-operative farming.
(ii) Co-operative society help farmers in all aspects to procure all important inputs of farming.
(iii) The society help farmers to sell the finish product at the most favourable terms and help in processing of quality product at cheaper rates.
(iv) This type, farming is famous in western countries like Denmark, Netherland, Belgium, Sweden etc.
4. Describe the regions of hunting and gathering in the world.
Ans: Hunting and gathering is a primitive activities. In ancient time people were hunting animals and gathered them to eat. But now it gradually decreased due to various reasons. Yet, in some areas this type of activities are practiced.
The main regions of hunting and gathering are:
(a) High latitude zone which include northern Canada northern Eurasia and southern Chile.
(b) Low latitude zone such as the Amazon Basin, tropical Africa, Northern fringe of Australia and the interior parts of South East Asia.
Notes of AHSEC Class 12 Geography Unit 5 | English Medium Class 12 Geography Notes In this post we will explain to you Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Question Answer | AHSEC Class 12 Geography Question Answer Unit 5 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
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