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Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 International Trade
Class 12 Geography Unit 9 International Trade Question Answer | Guide for Class 12th Geography Chapter 9 English Medium Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT,AHSEC Class 12 Geography Chapter 9.
Unit 9 International Trade
(PART – A)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS & ANSWER: (MARKS – 1)
Choose the right answer from the following alternatives given below:
1. The total length of the silk route between Rome and China.
(a) 600 km
(b) 3000 km
(c) 5000km
(d) 6000 km
Ans: (d) 6000 km.
2. Most of the world’s great profits are classified as
(a) Naval ports
(b) Comprehensive Ports
(c) Oil ports
(d) Industrial ports
Ans: (b) Comprehensive Ports.
3. Which one of the following continents has the maximum flow of global trade?
(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) North America
(d) Africa
Ans: (b) Europe.
4. Which one of the following South American nation, is part of OPEC?
(a) Brazil
(b) Chile
(c) Peru
(d) Venezuela
Ans: (d) Venezuela.
5. In which of the following trade blocs is India an associate member?
(a) ASEAN
(b) SAFTA
(c) OECD
(d) OPEC
Ans: (b) SAFTA.
B. VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER:
1. What is the basic function of the World Trade Organisation?
Ans: The basic function of the World Trade Organisation is to enforce global rules of trade between nations.
2. What benefits do nation get by forming trading blocs?
Ans: By forming trading blocs, it encourage trade between countries geographical proximity, similarity and complementaries in trading items to curb restrictions on trade of the developing world.
Trading blocs generate world trade to the maximum.
Trading blocs developed as a response to the failure of the global organisations to speed up intra-regional trade.
Trading blocs remove trade tariffs within the member nations and purge free trade.
3. What is naval port?
Ans: These are ports which have only strategic importance. These ports have warships and have repair workshops for them. Examples: Kochi, Karwar.
4. What do you mean by OPEC countries?
Ans: The full form of OPEC is “Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.”
5. What do mean by Barter system?
Ans: The system where that goods directly exchange is called barter system.
6. What is Slave trade?
Ans: From fifteenth century onwards the European colonialism began and along with trade of exotic commodities, which make a new form of trade and it was called slave trade.
7. What do you understand by Free trade?
Ans: The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade.
8. What is the meaning of Balance of trade?
Ans: Balance of trade records the volume of goods and services imported as well as exported by a country to other countries. If the value of import is more than the value of a country’s exports, the country has negative unfavourable balance of trade.
9. What is the basic function of the World Trade Organisation?
Ans: The basic function of the world trade organization is it sets rules for the global trading system and resolves disputes between member nations.
10. What benefits do nations get by farming trading blocs?
Ans: By forming trading blocs, it encourage trade between countries geographical proximity, similarity and complementaries in trading items to curb restrictions on trade of the developing world.
Trading blocs generate world trade to the maximum.
Trading blocs developed as a response to the failure of the global organisations to speed up intra-regional trade.
Trading blocs remove trade tariffs within the member nations and purge free trade.
11. Name the country with which both the import and export of the USA.
Ans: India.
12. How much is the value of trade of the USA with Western Europe?
Ans: 136 (54+82) billion dollars.
13. How much is the value of trade of the USA with Japan.
Ans: 72 billion dollars.
14. What is the balance of trade of the USA with Canada?
Ans: Balance of trade-22 billion dollars.
15. What does ‘trade’ mean?
Ans: Trade is a system by which exchanges of goods and services between two or more persons, villages, states, nations takes place. In other words trade means the voluntary exchange of goods and services.
16. How many parties are required to make trade possible?
Ans: Two.
17. In what category of activities is trade included?
Ans: Trade is include in tertiary activity.
18. At what levels is trade conducted?
Ans: Trade generally conducted at two levels-
(i) Internations.
(ii) National trade.
19. What is international trade?
Ans: When the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries, such trade is termed as International Trade.
20. What do you mean by Bilateral Trade?
Ans: Bilateral trade is such trade which is done by two countries with each other. They enter into agreement to trade specified commodities amongst them.
Example: Suppose country “A” may agree to trade some raw material with agreement to purchase some other specified item to country “B” or vice-versa.
21. What is the meaning of Multilateral Trade?
Ans: The trade which is conducted with many trading countries, called multilateral trade.
22. Why is Trade possible?
Ans: Trade is possible, because both the sellers and receivers benefited by trade.
23. What is the meaning of a Comprehensive Port?
Ans: Which port handle bulk and general cargo in large volume is called comprehensive port.
24. What is industrial Port?
Ans: The port specialized in bulk cargo like grain, sugar, ore, oil, chemicals and such materials is termed as industrial port.
C. SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER: (MARKS – 3)
(Answer the following questions in about 100 words)
1. What is ‘international trade’? Which are the two types of international trade? Give one characteristic of each.
Ans: International Trades are trade where the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries. Through the International Trade nations export various goods to other countries and earn foreign exchange. At the same way a nation import various goods or items from other nations.
Through the international trade nations obtain regional specialization, global understanding and cooperation among the nations increases through international trade. People can enjoy high standard of living, through international trade, competition arises among the producers. Diffusion of knowledge and technology and the services increases through international trade.
International Trades are two types:
(i) Bilateral trade
(ii) Multilateral trade
(i) Bilateral trade: Bilateral trade is such trade which is done by two countries with each other. They enter into agreement to trade specified commodities amongst them.
(ii) Multilateral trade: Multilateral trade is trade which is conducted with many trading countries.
2. What do you mean by barter system? How were the difficulties of this system removed?
Ans: The initial form of trade in primitive societies was the barter system. where direct exchange of goods took place.
The difficulties of barter system were overcome by the introduction of money. In the olden times, before paper and coin currency came into being, rare objects with very high intrinsic value served as money, like. flintstones, obsidian, cowrie shells, silver, gold, etc. With the advent of paper coins and paper currency came to be the medium of exchange.
3. Give an account of the history of International trade.
Ans: The exchange of goods, services and raw materials beyond the national boundaries is termed as international trade.
At the early stage of human civilization, human wants were very limited. Transporting goods over long distance was risky, hence trade was restricted to, local markets. Only rich people bought jewellery, costly dresses and this resulted in trade of luxury items.
Gradually with the development of science and technology people from distant places and at time outside their country as a result of the improvement to transport and communication. The silk route is an example of long distance trade connecting Rome to China.
After Roman empire disintegrating, Europe commerce grew. The Europeans colonialism began and along with trade of exotic commodities, a new form of trade emerged. That is slave trade.
After the industrial revolution the demand for raw materials like grains, meat, wool also expanded, but their monetary value declined in relation to the manufactured goods.
During the world war II and I, countries imposed trade tone and quantitative restrictions for the first time.
4. Give the reasons why has international trade been in existence from the time immemorial.
Ans: The reasons why has international trade been in existence from the time immemorial.
(i) International trade is the result of specialisation in production.
(ii) It benefits the world economy if different countries practice specialisation and division of labour in the production of commodities or provision of services.
(iii) Each kind of specialisation gives rise to trade.
5. Give an explanation of the balance of trade.
Ans: Balance of trade records the volume of goods and services imported as exported by a country to other countries. It is a balance between export and import. For example, if value of import of a country is a more than the value of export to that country, then the country have unfavorable balance. Again if the value of export of a country is more than the value of import, then the country has a positive or favorable balance of trade. Positive balance is also known as trade surplus; a negative balance is referred to as a trade of deficit. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a service balance.
6. Briefly discuss the types of international trade.
Ans: International Trades are trade where the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries. Through the International Trade nations export various goods to other countries and earn foreign exchange. At the same way a nation import various goods or items from other nations.
Through the international trade nations obtain regional specialization, global understanding and cooperation among the nations increases through international trade. People can enjoy high standard of living, through international trade, competition arises among the producers. Diffusion of knowledge and technology and the services increases through international trade.
International Trades are two types:
(i) Bilateral trade
(ii) Multilateral trade
(i) Bilateral trade: Bilateral trade is such trade which is done by two countries with each other. They enter into agreement to trade specified commodities amongst them.
(ii) Multilateral trade: Multilateral trade is trade which is conducted with many trading countries.
7. What do mean by regional trade blocs? Explain their major features?
Ans: Regional trade blocs have come up in order to encourage trade between countries with geographical proximity, similarity and complementarities in trading items.
Features:
(i) They try to remove restrictions on trade of the developing world.
(ii) Today, 120 regional trade blocs generate 52 percent of the world trade.
(iii) These trade blocs have developing because the global organisation have failed to speed up intra-regional trade.
8. Describe the ports as gateway of international trade.
Ans: The main gateway of international trade are ports and harbors. Cargoes and travelers pass from one part of the world to another. Through the ports. Port is the main trading center for every country. The parts pride facilities of docking boding, unloading and the storage facilities for cargo. The port authorities make arrangements for maintaining navigable channels, arranging tugs and barges and providing labour and managerial services. The quantity of cargo handled by a port is an indicator of the level of development of its hint lands.
9. Why is it detrimental for a nation to have Negative Balance of Payment?
Ans: It is detrimental for a nation to have negative balance of payments. because, the nation spends more on buying goods and earn less by selling its goods to other nations. This would ultimately lead to exhaustion of its financial reserves. In such situation this may occur.
10. Give an account on the role of Silk Route in International Trade.
Ans: The Silk Route is an early example of long distance trade connecting Rome with China over a distance of the 6000 kms. The traders transportes Chinese silk, Roman wool and precious metals and many other high value commodities from intermediate points in India, Persia and Central Asia.
D. LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS: (MARKS – 5)
(Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words)
1. How are ports helpful for trade? Give a classification of ports on the basis of their location?
Ans: The ports and harbors are the chief gateways of the world of international trade. Cargoes and travellers pass from one part of the world to another through the ports.
The ports provide facilities of docking, loading, unloading and the storage facilities for cargo, and it provide labour and managerial services. By these way ports are helpful for trade.
Classification: On the basis of location of ports, ports can be classify in the following manner:
(a) Inland Ports (b) Out Ports
(a) Inland Ports: These ports are located away from the sea coast. They are linked to the sea through a river or a canal. Such ports are accessible to flat bottom ships or barges.
Examples:
(i) Manchester is linked with a canal.
(ii) Memphis is located on the river Mississippi.
(iii) Kolkata is located on the river Hooghly, a branch of the fiver Ganga.
(b) Out Ports: Out ports are deep water ports built away from the actual ports. These serve the parent ports by receiving those ships which are unable to approach them due to their large size.
Example: Athens and its out port Piraeus in Greece.
2. How do nations gain from International Trade?
Ans: International Trades are trade where the exchange of goods and services among countries across national boundaries. Through the International Trade nations export various goods to other countries and earn foreign exchange. At the same way a nation import various goods or items from other nations.
Through the international trade nations obtain regional specialization, global understanding and cooperation among the nations increases through international trade.
People can enjoy high standard of living, through international trade, competition arises among the producers. Diffusion of knowledge and technology and the services increases through international trade.
3. What are the major types of ports on the basis of cargo and location?
Ans: Ports can be classified on different basis.
The basis of classifications are given below:
A. Types of port according to cargo handle:
(i) Industrial Ports
(ii) Commercial Ports
(iii) Comprehensive Ports
B. Types of port according to their location:
(i) Inland Ports (Ex. Kolkata)
(ii) Out Ports (Ex. Athens)
C. Types of Port on the basis of specialised functions:
(i) Oil Ports (Ex. Abadan)
(ii) Ports of Call (Ex. Honolulu)
(iii) Packet Station (Ex. Dover)
(iv) Entrepot Ports (Ex. Singapore)
(v) Naval Ports (Ex. Kochi)
4. Give a note on major types of ports on the basis of specialized functions.
Ans: Types of ports on the basis of specialized functions:
(i) Oil ports: Which ports deal in the processing and shipping of oil is. called oil port. Among these ports some are tanker ports and others are refinery ports. Maracaibo in Venezuela, Esskhira in Tunisia are the example of tanker ports and Abadan on the gulf of Persia is a refinery port.
(ii) Ports of call: Which ports are originally developed as calling points an main sea routes where ships used to anchor for refueling watering and taking food items are called ports of call. Singapore is the best example of such port.
(iii) Packet station: Packet station or ferry ports are exclusively concerned with the transportation of passengers and across water bodies covering short distances. These station occur in pairs located in such a way that they face each other across the water body.
(iv) Enter pot ports: These are collection of centers where the goods are brought from different countries for export.
(v) Naval ports: The ports which have only strategic importance. These ports serve worships and have repair workshop for them.
5. Discuss the role of World Trade Organisation.
Ans: The world trade organization is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trades between nations. It sets the rules for the global trading system and resolves disputes between its member nations. There are 160 member states of world trade organization. It is officially formed in 1 January 1995.
World Trade organization covers trade services such as telecommunication and banking and others issues such as intellectual rights.
The world trade organization has been cruised and opposed by those who are worried about the effects of free trade and economic globalization. It is also argued that issues of health, worker’s rights, child labour and environment are ignored.
6. Explain the bases of International Trade.
Ans: The basis of International Trade are as follows:
(i) Difference in natural resources: The world’s natural resources are unevenly distributed because of differences in their physical make-up (such as geology, relief, soil and climate)
(ii) Population factors: The size, distribution and diversity of people between countries are not uniform, which affect the type and volume of goods and services.
(iii) Stage of economic development: At different stages of economic development of countries, the nature of items traded undergo changes. In agriculturally important countries, agro products are exchanged for manufactured goods whereas industrialised nations export machinery and finished products and import food grains and other raw materials.
(iv) Extent of foreign investment: Foreign investment can boost trade in developing countries which lack in capital required for the development of various activities.
(v) Transport: Transport is also another basis for international trade.
7. Discuss the important aspects of the Composition of Trade.
Ans: Nature of goods and services imported and exported by countries have undergone changes during the last century.
(i) Trade of primary products was dominant in the beginning of the last century.
(ii) Later on, manufactured goods gained prominence.
(iii) These days, though the manufacturing sector commands the bulk of the global trade, service sector like travel, transportation and other commercial services have shown an upward trend.
Notes of AHSEC Class 12 Geography Unit 9 | English Medium Class 12 Geography Notes In this post we will explain to you Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Question Answer | AHSEC Class 12 Geography Question Answer Unit 9 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
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