Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Local Government Question Answer As Per New Syllabus to each Chapter is provided in the list of SCERT, NCERT, AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Unit 8 Question Answer/Class Political Science Unit 8 Question Answer are given so that you can easily search through the different Chapters and select the needs Notes of AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Lesson 8 Question Answer English Medium. covers all the exercise questions in NCERT, SCERT.
Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Local Government
Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Local Government Question Answer | Guide for Class 11th Political Science Unit 8 English Medium Also Same NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science In this post we will explain to you what to try If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you. NCERT/SCERT, AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8.
Chapter 8 Local Government
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS:
1. Constitution of India Visualised Village Panchayats as unit of self government. Think over the situation described in the following statements and explain how these situations strengthen or weaken the panchayats in becoming units of local self government.
(a) Government of a state has allowed a big company to establish a huge steel plant. Many villages would be adversely affected by the steel plant. Gram Sabha of one of the affected villages passed a resolution that before establishing any big industries in the region, village people must be consulted andtheir grievances should be redressed.
Ans: It is said that many villages would be adversely affected by the steel plants. The Gram Sabha has passed a resolution against it. It implies the Sabha has passed a resolution against it. It implies that the gram panchayat was not consulted before the Steel plant was decided by the state Government. This action of the state government will severely weaken the institution of Panchayats.
The Gram Sabha of one of the affected villages passed the resolution that village people must be consulted and their grievances must be redressed. It will strengthen the Panchayats as it can now move to courts for a direction against the unilateral move of the state Government.
(b) The Government has decided that 20% of all its expenditure would be done through the Panchayats.
Ans: The decision of the State government that 20% of all its expenditure would be done through the Panchayats, will surely help the finances of the Panchayats. If the State Government does not interfere in the decisions and the properties of the Panchayats, This Will Strengthen the Panchayat. At the same time the financial dependence of the local bodies on the state government will impinge on their capacity to operate effectively. The Panchayats need independent sources of revenue.
(c) A village Panchayat kept on demanding funds for a building for village school, the government officials turned down their Proposal saying that funds were allocated for certain other schemes and cannot be spent otherwise.
Ans: The basic idea for creation of Panchayat Raj institutions is that the people themselves Prioritize their development agents. The turning down of the demand for funds to build a village school by government officials saying that the funds are allotted for certain other schemes, will surely weaken the panchayats in becoming units of self government.
(d) The government divided a village Durgapur into two and made a part of the villages Jamuna and Sohana. Now village Dungarpur has ceased to exist in Government books.
Ans: There is no mention here, whether the government has divided the village Durgapur into two villages on the recommendations of the Panchayat under which it falls. If the government has done this on its own, then surely this action would wake Panchayati Raj-institutions. If it has affected division on the recommendations of the concerned Panchayat the action would not weaken these institutions.
(e) A Village Panchayat observed that water sources of their region are depleting fast. They decided to mobilize village youth to do voluntary work and revive the old village ponds and wells.
Ans: The mobilization of village youth to do some voluntary work and revive the old village ponds and wells will make the presence of their institutions felt. The village people will develop increased respect for the gram Panchayat. Thus, the panchayati Raj Institutions would be strengthened.
2. Suppose you are entrusted to evolve a local government plan of state, what powers would you endow to the village panchayats to function as units of local self-government? Mention any five powers and the justification in two lines for each of them for giving those powers.
Ans: If I am entrusted to evolve a local government plan of a state, the following powers I would endow to the village Panchayats to function as unit of self-government:
(i) Civic Amenities: In the interest of better health and life citizens, Gram Panchayats would have the powers to make provisions for basic civic amenities.
(ii) Social welfare Activities: The Gram Panchayat would keep the records of birth and death in the village, family planning and family welfare etc.
(iii) Agricultural Development: The Programmes and policies related to the modern agricultural Practices should be supervised by the Panchayats.
(iv) Development Works: The gram Panchayats may be responsible for certain development functions at village level, such as construction of roads, tanks, irrigation facilities etc.
(v) Educational Work: The Gram Panchayats would be made responsible for the primary education. I would give the gram Panchayats powers to open and maintain schools and libraries in the village.
3. What are the provisions for the reservations for the socially disadvantaged groups as per 73rd amendment? Explain how these provisions have changed the Profile of the leadership at the village level.
Ans: After a lengthy discussion and consideration, the parliament passed two constitutional Amendment acts (73rd and 74th) in 1993. After passing of these acts the rural and urban institutions of local self-government have received much needed constitutional recognisation of grass root level democratic set-up. The provisions of 73rd constitutional Amendment act. 1993, related to Panchayati raj bodies in rural areas.
It makes provisions for the reservations of seats at all three levels in favour of women, the scheduled castes, the scheduled tribes and the other backward classes. The Panchayats have been given the power and responsibility of local planning and mobilization of their own resources. The provision for reservation for women of the Panchayati has ensured the presence of a significant number of women in local bodies. As this reservation is also applicable for the position of surpanch and Adhyaksha, a large number of women elected representatives have come to occupy these positions. There are more than 80,000 women sarpanchas in Gram Panchayats.
4. What were the main differences between the local governments before the 73rd amendment and after that amendment?
Ans: The main differences between the local governments between 73rd – amendment and after that amendment were that earlier local government was a state Subject. States were free to make their own kind of laws but now the local governments have received much needed constitutional recognition like state legislatures and the union parliament. In fact, it is a constitutional recognition of grass root level democratic set-up. This amendment act of 1993 made it mandatory to hold the elections of panchayats in due time on a regular basis.
It makes provisions for the reservations of seats at all three levels in favour of women, the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and often backward classes. The minimum age required to become a member of their panchayats has been reduced to 21 years. To ensure timely and free and fair elections to these bodies, provisions have been made for the establishment of an independent state election commission in every state. The Panchayat have been given powers to levy, collect and appropriate such tax duties, tolls and fees in accordance with the provisions made by the state government.
The provisions have also been made for the establishment of a state. Finance commission in each state after every 5 years to review the finances of Panchayats and to make recommendations as to what amount of grants are to be given to the panchayats by the state Government. This ensures their financial autonomy and viability.
5. Read the provisions of the 73rd amendment which of the following concerns does this amendment address?
(a) Face the replacement makes representatives accountable to the people.
Ans: After 73rd Amendment Act. 1993 it is mandatory to hold elections every five years. If the state government dissolves the panchayats before the end of its five year term, fresh elections must be held within six months. It makes representatives accountable.
(b) The dominant castes and feudal landlords dominate the local bodies.
Ans: After the 73rd Amendment Act, 1993 reservations for women, scheduled castes and the scheduled Tribes made necessary. The women have been given 1/3 reservation in local bodies at all levels and the seats have been reserved in favour of the scheduled caste and scheduled tribes in proportion to their population. As the Indian population has 16.2% scheduled caste and 8.2% scheduled tribes, about 6.6 lakh elected members in local bodies are from these social groups.
This has significantly altered the social profile of the local bodies. The dominant caste and feudal landlords, who controlled the villages earlier do not wish to give up their power. Due to this there is the same tension and conflicts in the society.
(c) Rural illiteracy is very high. Illiterate people cannot take decisions about the development of the village.
Ans: The subject included in the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj institutions. are listed in the Eleventh schedule of the constitutions. 29 subjects were inserted in this schedule which was invented in 1992 by the 73rd constitutional amendment Act. Education including Primary and Secondary education in one of these subjects. It is the responsibility of state governments to implement these provisions.
(d) To the effective, the village Panchayats need resources and powers to make plans for the village development.
Ans: The panchayat have been given powers to levy, collect and appropriate such taxes, duties, tolls and fees and in accordance with the Provisions måde by the state governments. The provisions have also made the establishment of a state Finance commission after five years to review the finance of panchayats and to make recommendations as to what amount of grants to be given to the panchayats by the state Government.
6. The following are the different justification, given in favour of local government Give them ranking and explain why you attach greater significance to a particular rationale than the others. According to you, on which of these rationales the decision of the Gram Panchayat of Vengaivasal Village was based? How?
(a) Government can complete the projects with lesser cost with the involvement of the local community.
(b) The development plans made by the local people will have greater acceptability than those made by the government officers.
(c) People know their area, needs problems and. Priorities. By collective participation they should discuss and take decisions about their life.
(d) It is difficult for the common people to contact their representatives of the state or the national legislature.
Ans: The different justifications are given in favour of the local government.
Their ranking should be as follows:
(c) People know their area needs, problems and priorities. By collective participation they should discuss and take decisions about their life.
(a) Government can complete the protection with lesser cost with the involvement of the local community.
(b) The development plans made by the local people will have greater acceptability than those made by the government officers.
(d) It is difficult for the common people to contact their representative of the state or the national legislature.
The decision of the Gram Panchayat of Vangaivasal Village was based on the rationale. (c) People know their needs and priorities and they should take decisions about their life.
7. Which of the following according to you involve decentralisation? Why are other options not sufficient for decentralisation?
(a) The hold election of the Gram Panchayat?
Ans: It is also a part of the involvement of decentralization but the main point of the involvement of decentralization.
(b) Decision by the villagers themselves about what policies and programmes are useful for the village.
Ans: Through the election they elect their representatives who take decisions for the development of the village.
ADDITIONAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS:
1. Write a short note on the composition of Gram Sabha.
Ans: The Gram Sabha is the general body consisting of all the voters residing in the jurisdiction of a Gram panchayat which extends over one village or a group of villages. Every man and woman who is the resident of the village concerned and is the resident of the village members of the Gram Sabha. In short we can call it the parliament of Gram Panchayat. The Gram Sabha meets at least twice a year.
2. What is meant by local government Discuss its importance.
Ans: The local government means the institution that is made up for the members elected by the local people. The local Government lends strength to the democratic set-up. The villagers and the people of towns get a chance to take part in the Government of the country.
3. Name the chief local self government bodies in India are:
(i) Gram Panchayat.
Ans: The Gram Panchayat functions in the villages.
(ii) Municipal Committees.
Ans: The Municipal Committees function in the small cities.
(iii) Municipal Corporation.
Ans: The Municipal Corporations perform their functions in the big cities.
4. What are the four main sources of income of local bodies?
Ans: The four main sources of income of the local bodies are the following:
(i) Different kinds of taxes.
(ii) Grant from the state Government
(iii) Income for Passing the building plans of the citizen.
(iv) Income from the entertainment tax imposed on circus, melas etc.
5. What is Panchayati Raj? Name the three organs of the Panchyati Raj?
Ans: Panchayati Raj is a new system of local government, specially meant for the uplift and development of the villages.
The three organs of the Panchayati Raj are:
(i) Gram Panchayat.
(ii) Panchayat Samiti.
(iii) Zila Parishad.
6. What is meant by the term Municipal Corporation? What do you know about the Mayor of the Corporation?
Ans: The Municipal Corporation is a local body which is organized for the big cities like Delhi and Bombay.
The Mayor is the formal head of the Corporation. He is elected for one year by the corporation.
7. How is a Gram Panchayat Formed?
Ans: A Gram Panchayat is formed by the members elected by the people of a village. Every village with a population of at least 500 people has a Gram Panchayat. The members of the Panchayat are called Panchas and their head is called the Sarpanch. They are elected for three years by adult villagers. The number of members of the panchayat must be at least five and at the most ten. Every Panchayat must have a lady member and one or two members belonging to scheduled castes.
8. Discuss any three functions of a Gram Sabha.
Ans: The Gram Sabha is just like the Parliament of the village. It performs many functions.
Some of its functions are the following:
(i) The Gram Sabha elects the members of the Gram Panchayat.
(ii) The Gram Sabha Passes the annual budget of the Gram Panchayat and gives it approval..
(iii) The Gram Sabha gives suggestions to the Gram Panchayat for the development of agriculture and small scale industry in the area.
9. Describe the composition of Gram Panchayat.
Ans: Gram Panchayat is the executive of Gram sabha. The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. Every adult who is a resident of the village has got the right to vote in the Panchayat elections. Any voter who is 18 years of age can contest the election and become a member of the Gram Panchayat. The tenure of the Gram Panchayat is five years in different States.
10. Describe the composition of the Panchayat samiti.
Ans: In Panchayati Raj System the intermediary Panchayat or block Panchayat is called Panchayat Samiti.
Panchayat Samiti consists of the following four types of members:
(i) All the Panchas and Sarpanchas of the Panchayats in a Block elect some members from among themselves. In some states, Sarpanchas of Panchayats are ex-officio members of the Panchayat Samities.
(ii) All the MLA and MPs of the district are ex-officio members of the Panchayat Samiti.
(iii) 30 Percent seats are reserved for the women. Seats have been also reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
(iv) The sub-divisional Magistrate and the Block Development officers are the ex-officio members of the Panchayat Samiti.
11. Describe the Powers and functions of the Panchayat Samiti.
Ans: The Powers and functions of the Panchayat Samiti are:
(i) The Panchayat Samiti looks after the working of Panchayats in its area.
(ii) It tries to promote agriculture in its area and districts among the farmers with good seeds, fertilizers and scientific instruments. It highlights the importance of scientific methods in agriculture. It advances loans to the farmers for increasing agricultural production.
(iii) It tries to promote cottage industries in its area.
(iv) It takes steps for the promotion of animal husbandry.
(v) It makes sanitary arrangements in its area.
12. Briefly describe the composition of Zila Parishad.
Ans: In some states each Panchayat Samiti in the district, elects some members from among its members to Zila Parishad. The Presidents of all the Panchayat Samities are ex-officio members of the Zila Parishad. All MLAs and MPs of the district are its associate members. But after the 73rd amendment, the members of Zila Parishad are now elected by the People.
The chairman will be elected by the elected members. Now MLAs, MPs, collectors Deputy Collector and SDM will be its ex-officio members. There will be reservation for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and women.
13. Write four features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of India.
Ans: Four features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of India are:
(i) Gram Sabha: It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village within the area of Panchayat at the village level.
(ii) Three-Tier System: The act provides for a three-tier system of panchayati raj in every state, that is, panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels. However, a state having a population not exceeding 20 lakh may not constitute panchayats at the intermediate level.
(iii) Election of Members and Chairpersons: All the members of panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels shall be elected directly by the people. The chairperson of panchayats at the intermediate and district levels shall be elected indirectly by and from amongst the elected members thereof. The chairperson of a panchayat at the village level shall be elected in such manner as the state legislature determines.
(iv) Reservation of Seats: It provides for the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in every panchayat and reservation of offices of chairperson in the panchayat at the village or any other level in proportion of their population to the total population in the panchayat area.
The act provides for the reservation of not less than one-third of the total number of seats for women (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the SCs and STs). The act also authorizes the legislature of a state to make any provision for reservation of seats in any panthayat or offices of chairperson in the panchayat at any level in favour of backward classes.
(v) Duration of Panchayats: It provides for a five-year term of office to the panchayat at every level. However, it can be dissolved before the completion of its term. Further, fresh elections to constitute a panchayat shall be completed: Before the expiry of its duration of five years; or In case of dissolution, within six months from the date of its dissolution.
14. Explain the election procedure for Panchayati Raj institutions as per the 73rd Amendment to Indian Constitution.
Ans: Article 243 K enshrines the provision with respect to election of the panchayats. This Article provides for the constitution of a state Election Commission in respect of the panchayats. This state Election Commission would have the power to supervise, direct and control the election to the Panchayats and also prepare the electoral rolls.
The article maintains the independence of the election commission by making provisions that the election commission of this commissioner would be removed only by manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the High Court.
The article maintains the independence of the election commission by making provisions that the election commission of this commissioner would be removed only by manner and on the same grounds as a judge of the High Court.
The article maintains the independence of the election commission by making provisions that the election commissioner of this commissioner would be removed only by manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the High Court.
Panchayat elections can be questioned only in the form of an election petition presented to an authority which the state legislature by law can prescribe; the terms and conditions of the office of the Election commissioners have also to be decided by the Governor.
Notes of AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 | English Medium Class 11 Political Science Notes In this post we will explain to you Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Question Answer | AHSEC Class 11 Political Science Question Answer Unit 8 If you are a Student of English Medium then it will be very helpfull for you.
Note- If you find any mistakes in this CHAPTER, please let us know or correct them yourself. Thank you.